Pressure-Induced Molding of Black Phosphorus@Ti3C2T x Composite Electrode and Its Implications on the Lithium Storage

• Published in: ACS applied materials & interfaces 2024-10, Vol.16 (40), p.54017-54027
• Main Authors: Ning, Yunyu, Lv, Juncheng, Li, Yuqing, Ming, Shuoyang, Li, Siqi, Zhen, Siqi, Yin, Guangchao, Jia, Hongsheng, Zhang, Junkai, Lu, Ming
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Energy, Environmental, and Catalysis Applications
• ISSN: 1944-8244; 1944-8252
• DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c13036

For the first time, an innovative pressure quenching technique is used to create the integrated electrode of the black phosphorus (BP) @Ti3C2T x composite material, doing away with the requirement for adhesive additives and simplifying time-consuming processes. Through the formation of Ti–O–P bonds with BP, Ti3C2T x MXenes can function as conductive additives and affect the interlayer gap. Additionally, we have found that there is a critical synthetic pressure threshold (300 kN) at which the performance of BP@Ti3C2T x -integrated electrodes can be improved: too high of a pressure prevents lithium-ion transport because of mesopore reduction; too low of a pressure prevents Ti–O–P chemical bond formation between the two components; and suboptimal pressure does not allow for density enhancement for better electron conduction. The integrated electrode produced at 300 kN shows a discharge capacity of about 724.9 mA h/g at 0.1 A/g current density after 100 cycles, which is much larger than that obtained at 50 kN (270.2 mA h/g). Furthermore, the capacity can remain steady at 560.74 mA h/g even after 500 lengthy cycles at the high current density of 0.5 A/g. Significantly lower resistance (1.10 × 102 Ω at 300 kN; 2.02 × 103 Ω at 50 kN) and faster reaction kinetics are responsible for this improvement. This study offers a new, straightforward, and broadly useful technique for creating integrated electrodes and BP-based composite materials.