The Development of the African System of Cities

Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced high urban population growth over the past half century, dramatically reshaping the economic and spatial profile of the region. Simultaneously, this process has challenged the conventional view that countries urbanize alongside structural transformation, as urbaniz...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of economics 2018-01, Vol.10 (1), p.287-314
Main Authors: Henderson, J. Vernon, Kriticos, Sebastian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Africa
Agriculture
Cities
Economic growth
Employment
Hierarchies
Industrial development
Industrialization
Population growth
primacy
Productivity
Rural areas
Rural urban migration
Services
structural transformation
Studies
Urban population
Urbanization
wage premium
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Summary:Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced high urban population growth over the past half century, dramatically reshaping the economic and spatial profile of the region. Simultaneously, this process has challenged the conventional view that countries urbanize alongside structural transformation, as urbanization in Africa has occurred despite low productivity gains in agriculture and very limited industrialization. While there are large household income gaps between urban and rural areas that induce migration, most cities have very high agricultural employment, blurring the connection between structural transformation and urbanization. Urban income premiums apply equally to farm and nonfarm families. Looking across the urban hierarchy, we discuss how high urban primacy presents problems for economic growth in Africa, how secondary cities are faltering with a lack of industrialization, and how growth of employment in tradable services may signal a different path to structural transformation.
ISSN:1941-1383
1941-1391
DOI:10.1146/annurev-economics-080217-053207