Evolution of the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase gene family： Ancestral copy number and functional divergence of BAM1 and/3AM2 in Brassicaceae

Gene duplication allows for functional divergence and innovation that provide selective advantages. However, in flowering plants genetic studies have revealed that single-gene mutations affecting one of two or more closely related paralogs often fail to cause detectable morphological defects, sugges...

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Published in:植物分类学报：英文版 2016 (3), p.204-218
Main Author: Hao Li Qian Shi, Zai-Bao Zhang, Li-Ping Zeng, Ji Qi, and Hong Ma. Qian Sh Zai-Bao Zhang Li-Ping Zeng Ji Qi Hong Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
亮氨酸
分化
十字花科
基因家族
拷贝数
类受体蛋白激酶
进化史
逆转录聚合酶链反应
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Summary:Gene duplication allows for functional divergence and innovation that provide selective advantages. However, in flowering plants genetic studies have revealed that single-gene mutations affecting one of two or more closely related paralogs often fail to cause detectable morphological defects, suggesting functional redundancy. Flowering plants have hundreds of genes encoding leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases （LRR-RLKs）, several of which play important roles in anther development, but little is known about their evolutionary history and possible functional divergence. We investigated the evolutionary relationship of the LRR-RLK gene family by phylogenetic analysis and found that these closely related paralogs resulted from multiple duplication events, such as the one resulting in BAM1 and BAM2. We further used quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to verify gene expression changes in immature anthers from the bamllbam2 single and double mutants compared with wild type, providing strong evidence that the BAM1 and BAM2 genes have evolved different functions, with differential effects on anther gene expression. Moreover, careful examination of anther development in ham1 and bum2 single mutants revealed previously unrecognized extra cell division in tapetum cell layers. Thus our results from phylogenetic, molecular, and morphological analyses uncover sequence and functional differences between paralogs whose single mutants lack obvious fertility defects, effectively revealing functional divergence of duplicate genes.
ISSN:1674-4918
1759-6831