Projected area and drag coefficient of high velocity irregular fragments that rotate or tumble

3 degrees of freedom (DOF) exterior ballistic computer models are used in fragment studies to calculate individual trajectories of each fragment based on drag coefficient and the projected (presented) area in the direction of velocity of center of mass. The expectation of a randomly distributed proj...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017, Vol.13 (4), p.269-280
Main Authors: John F. Moxnes, 0yvind Fr0 yland, Ivar J. 0ye, Tom I. Brate, Eva Friis, Gard 0degardstuen, Tallak H. Risdal
Format: Article
Language:Chinese
Subjects:
area
Tumbling
coefficient
Cauchy
factor
Mach
Fragments
Form
number
Drag
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Summary:3 degrees of freedom (DOF) exterior ballistic computer models are used in fragment studies to calculate individual trajectories of each fragment based on drag coefficient and the projected (presented) area in the direction of velocity of center of mass. The expectation of a randomly distributed projected area is commonly used for fragments that tumble (random rotation) during flight. We forecast a model where the expected drag coefficient is dependent of shape and Mach number. Rotation or tumbling only affects the expected projected area. Models of projected areas during tumbling and rotation are presented. An examination of the data by McCleskey (1988) indicates that the volume of the fragment to the power of 2/3 is a better parameter to characterize the drag coefficient of the fragments than the maximum projected area. Hydrocode simulations are used to verify results and to study projected area and drag coefficient of fragments.
ISSN:2214-9147
2214-9147