Factors Associated with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Children Who Stutter

Purpose: Children and adolescents who stutter may be at risk of elevated anxiety and depression symptoms, although studies have indicated variability in reported internalizing symptoms in this population. This study considers the association between anxiety and depression symptoms and stuttering, as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Language, speech & hearing services in schools speech & hearing services in schools, 2023-04, Vol.54 (2), p.535-549
Main Authors: Bernard, Ria Frances Louisa, Norbury, Courtenay Frazier
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Age Differences
Anxiety
Anxiety - diagnosis
Anxiety - epidemiology
Anxiety - psychology
Bullying
Child
Children
Depression (Psychology)
Depression - epidemiology
Family Influence
Foreign Countries
Humans
Measures (Individuals)
Mental Health
Risk
Scores
Stuttering
Stuttering - epidemiology
Stuttering - psychology
Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
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Summary:Purpose: Children and adolescents who stutter may be at risk of elevated anxiety and depression symptoms, although studies have indicated variability in reported internalizing symptoms in this population. This study considers the association between anxiety and depression symptoms and stuttering, as well as child, family, and contextual factors that may affect this association. Method: Thirty-five school-age children who stutter completed the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale--Short Version. We fitted regression models to examine the association between anxiety and depression symptoms with bullying, stuttering severity, family history of adverse mental health, and age in children who stutter. Results: Family history of adverse mental health was found to significantly predict anxiety and depression scores. Age also predicted depression scores, with older children reporting higher scores. Conclusions: Family history of adverse mental health is associated with higher self-reported internalizing symptoms in children who stutter. The interaction between child, family, and contextual factors may change with age, and this requires further exploration in larger, longitudinal studies. The association between bullying and anxiety scores indicates the importance of anti-bullying initiatives in promoting psychosocial development in school-age children who stutter. This study also highlights the contribution of known risk factors for mental health, such as family history, to variability in symptom reporting.
ISSN:0161-1461
1558-9129
DOI:10.1044/2022_LSHSS-22-00086