Speech and language difficulties in Huntington's disease: A qualitative study of patients’ and professional caregivers’ experiences

• Published in: International journal of language & communication disorders 2021-03, Vol.56 (2), p.330-345
• Main Authors: Grimstvedt, Thea Nygaard, Miller, Jeanette Ullmann, van Walsem, Marleen Regina, Feragen, Kristin J. Billaud
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Augmentative and Alternative Communication; augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); Caregivers; Communication; Communication aids; Communication Disorders; Communication Skills; Content analysis; Conversation; Discourse strategies; Diseases; Ethics; Huntington's disease; Huntingtons disease; Interdisciplinary aspects; Knowledge Level; Language; Language Impairments; Medical personnel; Neurological Impairments; Patients; Physicians; Practitioner patient relationship; qualitative; Qualitative research; Speech; Speech Impairments; Speech Therapy; Speech-language pathologists; Voicing
• ISSN: 1368-2822; 1460-6984
• DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12604

Background Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a triad of motor, cognitive and psychological symptoms, leading to a gradual breakdown of communication skills. Few studies have investigated how people affected by HD and their professional caregivers, for example, medical doctors, physiotherapists and nurses, experience the patients’ gradual loss of speech and language. Aims To examine communication‐related experiences of patients and professional caregivers. Experiences with speech therapy and the use of augmentative and alternative communication aids (AAC) were also investigated. Methods & Procedures Seven individuals with HD and seven professional caregivers were interviewed individually, using a semi‐structured interview guide. Transcripts were analysed using a conventional content analysis, and the results presented in three main categories. Outcomes & Results Most individuals with HD were aware of having communication difficulties, struggling with understanding others as well as being understood. This was confirmed by professional caregivers, who also raised ethical issues encountered when patients struggled with communication. Both groups talked about external factors (such as noise or crowded social settings) as disrupting communication, and shared recommendations on how people in general, and speech and language therapists (SLTs) in particular, could optimize communication. Very few patients had received information about communication aids, and none was using AACs. Professional caregivers underlined the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations, including SLTs, in order to optimize care. Conclusions & Implications Findings shed a light on everyday communication challenges faced by people with HD and their professional caregivers, and the lack of implementation of communication aids in this group. The dramatic impact of HD on patients’ communication skills underscores the need to include SLTs in the follow‐up of this patient group, ideally from the early stages of the disease, while the patient is still capable of voicing his/her own wishes and thoughts. Future research that explores how to optimize communication and implement the use of AACs for individuals with HD is needed. What this paper adds What is already known on this subject Although the ability to communicate gradually deteriorates in individuals affected by Huntington's disease (HD), there is little knowledge about how affected individuals exper