Flexible Asymmetrically Transparent Conductive Metamaterial Electrode Based on Photonic Nanojet Arrays

• Published in: Laser & photonics reviews 2024-10
• Main Authors: Kislov, D. A., Voroshilov, P., Kadochkin, A., Veniaminov, A., Zakharov, V., Svetukhin, V. V., Bobrovs, V., Koval, O., Komendo, I., Azamov, A. M., Bolshakov, A., Dvoretckaia, L., Mozharov, A., Goltaev, A., Gao, L., Volkov, V., Arsenin, A., Ginzburg, P., Mukhin, I., Shalin, A. S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 1863-8880; 1863-8899
• DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202400550

Flexible transparent electrodes, encompassing the combination of optical transparency and electrical conductivity, empower numerous optoelectronic applications. While the main efforts nowadays concentrate on developing wire meshes and conductive oxides, those technologies are still in a quest to find a balance between price, performance, and versatility. Here we propose a new platform, encompassing the advantages of nanophotonic design and roll‐to‐roll large‐scale lithography fabrication tools, granting an ultimate balance between optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. The design is based on an array of silica microspheres deposited on a patterned thin aluminum film attached to a flexible polymer matrix. Microspheres are designed to squeeze 80% light through nanoscale apertures with the aid of the photonic nanojet effect given the light impinges the structure from the top. The photonic structure blocks the transmission for the backpropagation direction thus granting the device with the high 5‐fold level of asymmetry. The patterned layer demonstrates a remarkable 2.8 Ω sq −1 sheet resistance comparable to that of a continuous metal layer. The high conductivity is shown to be maintained after a repeatable application of strain on the flexible electrode. Such remarkable optical, mechanical and electrical properties, makes the demonstrated device an essential component for applications, where such attributes are critically required.