A Review on Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Fuels and Methanol through Indirect Liquefaction Route

• Published in: ChemistrySelect (Weinheim) 2022-12, Vol.7 (48), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Gupta, Pavan K., Kumar, Vineet, Maity, Sudip, Datta, Sudipta, Kishore Gupta, Goutam
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: BTL; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; Gasification; Methanol; Ultra clean fuels; Water-gas shift reaction
• ISSN: 2365-6549; 2365-6549
• DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203504

Global urbanization and industrialization are energy‐intensive processes. Among different energy resources, fossil fuels meet more than 80 % of the energy demand. The factors such as the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, the unstable price of fossil fuels, and the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to the burning of fuels draw researchers’ attention towards the development of renewable and sustainable fuels. In this context, biomass may fill the gap between energy demand and petroleum availability in the foreseeable future. Moreover, half of this bioenergy comes from conventional uses of biomass, primarily in cooking and heating, as well as within small‐scale industries (such as charcoal kilns and brick kilns). The Biomass‐to‐Liquid (BTL) technology using Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and the Methanol process offers advantages over the traditional use of biomass. The FT/Methanol process is a propitious route to produce carbon‐neutral, ultra‐clean fuels that generate regulated emissions, including NOx, SOx, and PM. In this article, we have reviewed the processes of biomass gasification, syngas cleaning and conditioning, FTS and methanol synthesis. Rapid consumption of fossil fuels for industrialization, urbanization, and transportation fuels have caused serious issues related to environment such as climate change, rise in sea level, changes in the ecosystem, etc. Hence, bioenergy has immense possibility to minimize reliance on fossil fuels vis‐à‐vis alleviating the environment‐related issues.