Three‐Dimensional Printed Integrated Electrochemical Devices for Various Applications–A Review

• Published in: ChemistrySelect (Weinheim) 2024-09, Vol.9 (35), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Triveni, B. V., Lalithamba, H. S., Bharath, H. S., Kumar, N. V., Prashanth, G. K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 3D printing; Electrochemical sensors; Electrode activation; Integrated devices; Microfluidic devices
• ISSN: 2365-6549; 2365-6549
• DOI: 10.1002/slct.202402463

Three‐dimensional Printing (3DP) and computer‐assisted design (CAD) are a boon for producing high‐quality analytical and electrochemical devices using low‐cost components. This review briefly explains various 3D printing techniques. The focus is on the fabrication of integrated miniature devices developed through the 3DP process, mainly by the Fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique. Examples of integrated electrochemical devices are presented to highlight the potential of 3DP. Special emphasis is given to surface activation of 3D printed electrodes to enhance their electrochemical activity and various activation methods. This paper discusses the opportunities and future applications in developing all‐in‐one miniature electrochemical devices that might lead to on‐site environmental measurements, point‐of‐care tests, and the development of portable instruments with reduced sample volume. This review provides a concise overview of different methodologies of 3D printing with a great focus on FDM‐based 3DP. The major emphasis lies in the Fabrication of integrated electrochemical devices and electrochemical energy storage devices. Noteworthy attention is given to various approaches for the Activation of electrodes. The authors explain the Commercialization of integrated electrochemical devices