Parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, polyneuropathy, and cognitive decline after long-term occupational solvent exposure

It is well known that exposure to manganese, solvents, or carbon monoxide in an occupational setting may lead to central nervous system damage and parkinsonism. The most important solvents in this respect are methanol, toluene, carbon disulfide, and n-hexane. We describe three patients who had been...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neurology 1999-03, Vol.246 (3), p.198-206
Main Authors: HAGEMAN, G, VAN DER HOEK, J, VAN HOUT, M, VAN DER LAAN, G, STEUR, E. J, DE BRUIN, W, HERHOLZ, K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Biological and medical sciences
Brain - pathology
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
Cognition Disorders - chemically induced
Humans
Levodopa - therapeutic use
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Occupational Exposure - adverse effects
Paint - adverse effects
Parkinson Disease, Secondary - chemically induced
Parkinson Disease, Secondary - complications
Parkinson Disease, Secondary - drug therapy
Solvents
Solvents - poisoning
Toxicology
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Summary:It is well known that exposure to manganese, solvents, or carbon monoxide in an occupational setting may lead to central nervous system damage and parkinsonism. The most important solvents in this respect are methanol, toluene, carbon disulfide, and n-hexane. We describe three patients who had been exposed to various solvents for more than 20 years (25, 34, and 46 years). They presented with parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, mild cognitive decline, and unresponsiveness to levodopa. Two patients had a predominantly axonal and sensory polyneuropathy of the lower legs with fasciculations in one of them. Parkinsonian features were progressive, even after the patients had stopped work. We present clinical data, neuropsychological findings, and results of brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, electroneuromyography, evoked potentials, single photon emission computed tomography, and positron-emission tomography. There is growing evidence that various organic solvents give rise to a parkinsonism syndrome with pyramidal features in susceptible individuals.
ISSN:0340-5354
1432-1459
DOI:10.1007/s004150050334