Polarography—past, present, and future

Polarography was first developed as an automated method of voltage-controlled electrolysis with dropping mercury electrode. The spontaneously renewed pure electrode surface provided reproducible electrochemical results which enabled scientists to work out adequate theory and rich analytical applicat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of solid state electrochemistry 2011-07, Vol.15 (7-8), p.1799-1803
Main Author: Heyrovský, Michael
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical Chemistry
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage
Physical Chemistry
Review
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Summary:Polarography was first developed as an automated method of voltage-controlled electrolysis with dropping mercury electrode. The spontaneously renewed pure electrode surface provided reproducible electrochemical results which enabled scientists to work out adequate theory and rich analytical applications. The original method was then instrumentally modified in various ways. Later, hanging mercury drop was added as an alternative indicator electrode—in this way, polarography turned formally into voltammetry with mercury drop electrodes. Beside, in potential-controlled electrolysis, the mercury drop electrodes have been also used in current-controlled electrolysis (chronopotentiometry)—there, it has provided new experimental effects. Polarography has thus gradually covered a wide field of electrolytic methods based on the use of mercury electrodes, in which it continues developing.
ISSN:1432-8488
1433-0768
DOI:10.1007/s10008-010-1244-0