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Proteic sol–gel synthesis of Gd-doped ceria: a comprehensive structural, chemical, microstructural and electrical analysis
Gd-doped ceria (Ce 1− x Gd x O 2-δ ; x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) is one of the best ceramic electrolytes for application in solid oxide electrochemical devices. This work reports an innovative and environmentally friendly route known as “proteic sol–gel synthesis” using gelatin for their preparation. Mater...
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| Published in: | Journal of materials science 2020-12, Vol.55 (36), p.16864-16878 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-c6af2ea41da8159bd92219562b31a385204eb2c37c31c37fcec5fd04e44ec25e3 |
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| container_end_page | 16878 |
| container_issue | 36 |
| container_start_page | 16864 |
| container_title | Journal of materials science |
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| creator | Araújo, Allan J. M. Grilo, João P. F. Loureiro, Francisco J. A. Holz, Laura I. V. Macedo, Daniel A. Fagg, Duncan P. Paskocimas, Carlos A. |
| description | Gd-doped ceria (Ce
1−
x
Gd
x
O
2-δ
;
x
= 0, 0.1 and 0.2) is one of the best ceramic electrolytes for application in solid oxide electrochemical devices. This work reports an innovative and environmentally friendly route known as “proteic sol–gel synthesis” using gelatin for their preparation. Materials are characterized via thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy,
Raman
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed method allows to produce pure phase nanosized powders at 400 °C that exhibit excellent sinterability at 1350 °C. Significant differences are found in the bulk at lower temperatures, with estimated defect association enthalpies of 0.45 and 0.56 eV for the compositions containing 10 and 20 mol% Gd, respectively, leading to an increased bulk conductivity in the first case. In contrast, identical grain boundary
Schottky
barrier height values of around 0.2 V are a possible result of the relatively low sintering temperature, decreasing the extent of the acceptor dopant segregation to the grain boundaries due to insufficient cation mobility. This leads to similar specific grain boundary characteristics in both doped compositions. Overall, this work provides a rational understanding of a novel route for the synthesis of CGO ceramics with competitive performance and decreased sintering temperature.
Graphic abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10853-020-05173-6 |
| format | article |
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1−
x
Gd
x
O
2-δ
;
x
= 0, 0.1 and 0.2) is one of the best ceramic electrolytes for application in solid oxide electrochemical devices. This work reports an innovative and environmentally friendly route known as “proteic sol–gel synthesis” using gelatin for their preparation. Materials are characterized via thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy,
Raman
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed method allows to produce pure phase nanosized powders at 400 °C that exhibit excellent sinterability at 1350 °C. Significant differences are found in the bulk at lower temperatures, with estimated defect association enthalpies of 0.45 and 0.56 eV for the compositions containing 10 and 20 mol% Gd, respectively, leading to an increased bulk conductivity in the first case. In contrast, identical grain boundary
Schottky
barrier height values of around 0.2 V are a possible result of the relatively low sintering temperature, decreasing the extent of the acceptor dopant segregation to the grain boundaries due to insufficient cation mobility. This leads to similar specific grain boundary characteristics in both doped compositions. Overall, this work provides a rational understanding of a novel route for the synthesis of CGO ceramics with competitive performance and decreased sintering temperature.
Graphic abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-2461</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-4803</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10853-020-05173-6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Ceramics ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Classical Mechanics ; Crystallography and Scattering Methods ; Materials Science ; Polymer Sciences ; Solid Mechanics</subject><ispartof>Journal of materials science, 2020-12, Vol.55 (36), p.16864-16878</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-c6af2ea41da8159bd92219562b31a385204eb2c37c31c37fcec5fd04e44ec25e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-c6af2ea41da8159bd92219562b31a385204eb2c37c31c37fcec5fd04e44ec25e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5050-3859 ; 0000-0001-9917-6142 ; 0000-0003-0386-9329 ; 0000-0002-1915-4291 ; 0000-0003-0466-1458 ; 0000-0001-6287-9223</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Araújo, Allan J. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grilo, João P. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loureiro, Francisco J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holz, Laura I. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Macedo, Daniel A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fagg, Duncan P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paskocimas, Carlos A.</creatorcontrib><title>Proteic sol–gel synthesis of Gd-doped ceria: a comprehensive structural, chemical, microstructural and electrical analysis</title><title>Journal of materials science</title><addtitle>J Mater Sci</addtitle><description>Gd-doped ceria (Ce
1−
x
Gd
x
O
2-δ
;
x
= 0, 0.1 and 0.2) is one of the best ceramic electrolytes for application in solid oxide electrochemical devices. This work reports an innovative and environmentally friendly route known as “proteic sol–gel synthesis” using gelatin for their preparation. Materials are characterized via thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy,
Raman
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed method allows to produce pure phase nanosized powders at 400 °C that exhibit excellent sinterability at 1350 °C. Significant differences are found in the bulk at lower temperatures, with estimated defect association enthalpies of 0.45 and 0.56 eV for the compositions containing 10 and 20 mol% Gd, respectively, leading to an increased bulk conductivity in the first case. In contrast, identical grain boundary
Schottky
barrier height values of around 0.2 V are a possible result of the relatively low sintering temperature, decreasing the extent of the acceptor dopant segregation to the grain boundaries due to insufficient cation mobility. This leads to similar specific grain boundary characteristics in both doped compositions. Overall, this work provides a rational understanding of a novel route for the synthesis of CGO ceramics with competitive performance and decreased sintering temperature.
Graphic abstract</description><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Classical Mechanics</subject><subject>Crystallography and Scattering Methods</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Polymer Sciences</subject><subject>Solid Mechanics</subject><issn>0022-2461</issn><issn>1573-4803</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UEtOwzAQtRBIlM8FWPkAGMbjOEnZoQoKUiVYwNpy7UmbKk0qO0WqxII7cENOgkOR2LGZ33tvZvQYu5BwJQGK6yih1EoAggAtCyXyAzaSOhVZCeqQjQAQBWa5PGYnMa4AQBcoR-z9OXQ91Y7Hrvn6-FxQw-Ou7ZcU68i7ik-98N2GPHcUanvDLXfdehNoSW2s34jHPmxdvw22ueRuSevaDVVKofuDuG09p4ZcHwY8tbbZpQNn7KiyTaTz33zKXu_vXiYPYvY0fZzczoRTBfbC5bZCspn0tpR6PPdjRDnWOc6VtKrUCBnNMXGdkilWjpyufBpmGTnUpE4Z7vcOX8VAldmEem3Dzkgwg39m759J_pkf_0yeRGovioncLiiYVbcN6fP4n-obyft3SA</recordid><startdate>20201201</startdate><enddate>20201201</enddate><creator>Araújo, Allan J. M.</creator><creator>Grilo, João P. F.</creator><creator>Loureiro, Francisco J. A.</creator><creator>Holz, Laura I. V.</creator><creator>Macedo, Daniel A.</creator><creator>Fagg, Duncan P.</creator><creator>Paskocimas, Carlos A.</creator><general>Springer US</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-3859</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9917-6142</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-9329</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-4291</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0466-1458</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9223</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201201</creationdate><title>Proteic sol–gel synthesis of Gd-doped ceria: a comprehensive structural, chemical, microstructural and electrical analysis</title><author>Araújo, Allan J. M. ; Grilo, João P. F. ; Loureiro, Francisco J. A. ; Holz, Laura I. V. ; Macedo, Daniel A. ; Fagg, Duncan P. ; Paskocimas, Carlos A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-c6af2ea41da8159bd92219562b31a385204eb2c37c31c37fcec5fd04e44ec25e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Classical Mechanics</topic><topic>Crystallography and Scattering Methods</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Polymer Sciences</topic><topic>Solid Mechanics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Araújo, Allan J. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grilo, João P. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loureiro, Francisco J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holz, Laura I. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Macedo, Daniel A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fagg, Duncan P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paskocimas, Carlos A.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of materials science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Araújo, Allan J. M.</au><au>Grilo, João P. F.</au><au>Loureiro, Francisco J. A.</au><au>Holz, Laura I. V.</au><au>Macedo, Daniel A.</au><au>Fagg, Duncan P.</au><au>Paskocimas, Carlos A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Proteic sol–gel synthesis of Gd-doped ceria: a comprehensive structural, chemical, microstructural and electrical analysis</atitle><jtitle>Journal of materials science</jtitle><stitle>J Mater Sci</stitle><date>2020-12-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>36</issue><spage>16864</spage><epage>16878</epage><pages>16864-16878</pages><issn>0022-2461</issn><eissn>1573-4803</eissn><abstract>Gd-doped ceria (Ce
1−
x
Gd
x
O
2-δ
;
x
= 0, 0.1 and 0.2) is one of the best ceramic electrolytes for application in solid oxide electrochemical devices. This work reports an innovative and environmentally friendly route known as “proteic sol–gel synthesis” using gelatin for their preparation. Materials are characterized via thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy,
Raman
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed method allows to produce pure phase nanosized powders at 400 °C that exhibit excellent sinterability at 1350 °C. Significant differences are found in the bulk at lower temperatures, with estimated defect association enthalpies of 0.45 and 0.56 eV for the compositions containing 10 and 20 mol% Gd, respectively, leading to an increased bulk conductivity in the first case. In contrast, identical grain boundary
Schottky
barrier height values of around 0.2 V are a possible result of the relatively low sintering temperature, decreasing the extent of the acceptor dopant segregation to the grain boundaries due to insufficient cation mobility. This leads to similar specific grain boundary characteristics in both doped compositions. Overall, this work provides a rational understanding of a novel route for the synthesis of CGO ceramics with competitive performance and decreased sintering temperature.
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| language | eng |
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| subjects | Ceramics Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Classical Mechanics Crystallography and Scattering Methods Materials Science Polymer Sciences Solid Mechanics |
| title | Proteic sol–gel synthesis of Gd-doped ceria: a comprehensive structural, chemical, microstructural and electrical analysis |
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