Metabolic, Radiation, and Medication Induced Sialadenitis

• Published in: Current otorhinolaryngology reports 2020-12, Vol.8 (4), p.402-408
• Main Authors: Harris, Jacqueline E., Lai, Stephen Y., Chang, Jolie L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Otorhinolaryngology; Salivary Gland Disorders (HT Hoffman; Section Editor; Topical Collection on Salivary Gland Disorders
• ISSN: 2167-583X; 2167-583X
• DOI: 10.1007/s40136-020-00311-9

Purpose of Review This review will cover clinical presentations for sialadenosis, radiation-related sialadenitis, and medication-induced salivary disorders. Recent Findings Presentation of metabolic disorder–related sialadenosis or gland enlargement is gradual and progressive without obstructive salivary symptoms. In contrast, radioactive iodine therapy can induce acute and chronic sialadenitis due to salivary gland dysfunction and duct damage with subsequent duct stenosis. Obstructive symptoms associated with fluctuating gland swelling and pain can be treated with sialendoscopy and dilation of the main salivary ducts. Further investigation of radioprotective agents to prevent salivary gland damage from radioactive iodine and external beam radiation to the head and neck is necessary. Iodine contrast–induced sialadenitis and medications that may affect salivary function are also described. Summary Metabolic disorders, medications, radiation, and iodine contrast can cause salivary gland dysfunction. Management of salivary gland swelling and obstruction depends on the cause of chronic sialadenitis.