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Treatment for non-thyroidal illness syndrome in advanced chronic kidney disease: a single-blind controlled study

Aim Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is common among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is strongly associated with poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear in how to correct this disorder and this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (SB) and...

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Published in:Journal of nephrology 2017-08, Vol.30 (4), p.557-565
Main Authors: Yan, Wenjun, Wang, Lijuan, Huang, Tianlun, Xu, Gaosi
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creator Yan, Wenjun
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Huang, Tianlun
Xu, Gaosi
description Aim Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is common among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is strongly associated with poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear in how to correct this disorder and this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (SB) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) for correcting NTIS status. Methods Patients with CKD stage 3–4 were single-blind, placebo-controlled treated with placebo, SB, or NAC for 18 weeks. The primary end points were the correction of NTIS and the occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The secondary point was the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after the follow-up. Results The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed significant lower correcting ratio of NTIS in control group compared with SB group [Hazard ratio (HR) 0.19, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.89, p = 0.035] and NAC group (HR 0.09, 95 % CI 0.02–0.38, p = 0.001), and increased ESRD risk in control group than in SB group (HR 1.97, 95 % CI 1.02–3.84, p = 0.045) and NAC group (HR 5.50, 95 % CI 2.23–13.57, p 
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s40620-016-0341-2
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However, it remains unclear in how to correct this disorder and this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (SB) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) for correcting NTIS status. Methods Patients with CKD stage 3–4 were single-blind, placebo-controlled treated with placebo, SB, or NAC for 18 weeks. The primary end points were the correction of NTIS and the occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The secondary point was the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after the follow-up. Results The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed significant lower correcting ratio of NTIS in control group compared with SB group [Hazard ratio (HR) 0.19, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.89, p = 0.035] and NAC group (HR 0.09, 95 % CI 0.02–0.38, p = 0.001), and increased ESRD risk in control group than in SB group (HR 1.97, 95 % CI 1.02–3.84, p = 0.045) and NAC group (HR 5.50, 95 % CI 2.23–13.57, p &lt; 0.001). The Cox regression analysis demonstrated significantly different effectiveness of placebo, SB and NAC on NTIS correction and ESRD risk, p &lt; 0.05, respectively. Variance analysis displayed a greater reduction in eGFR in controls than in SB (p = 0.044) and NAC group (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion SB and NAC are effective in promoting the recovery from NTIS status and delaying the deterioration of renal function in advanced CKD patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1121-8428</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1724-6059</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0341-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27485006</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Acetylcysteine - adverse effects ; Acetylcysteine - therapeutic use ; Chi-Square Distribution ; China ; Disease Progression ; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - diagnosis ; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - drug therapy ; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - etiology ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate - drug effects ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Kidney - drug effects ; Kidney - physiopathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - etiology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine &amp; Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Nephrology ; Original Article ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diagnosis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - drug therapy ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology ; Risk Factors ; Single-Blind Method ; Sodium Bicarbonate - adverse effects ; Sodium Bicarbonate - therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Urology</subject><ispartof>Journal of nephrology, 2017-08, Vol.30 (4), p.557-565</ispartof><rights>Italian Society of Nephrology 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c344t-782b2f0b2f3b61d6ddc0003e750ee58db8436e0cf0426ac20f16593604fb199a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c344t-782b2f0b2f3b61d6ddc0003e750ee58db8436e0cf0426ac20f16593604fb199a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27485006$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yan, Wenjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lijuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Tianlun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Gaosi</creatorcontrib><title>Treatment for non-thyroidal illness syndrome in advanced chronic kidney disease: a single-blind controlled study</title><title>Journal of nephrology</title><addtitle>J Nephrol</addtitle><addtitle>J Nephrol</addtitle><description>Aim Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is common among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is strongly associated with poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear in how to correct this disorder and this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (SB) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) for correcting NTIS status. Methods Patients with CKD stage 3–4 were single-blind, placebo-controlled treated with placebo, SB, or NAC for 18 weeks. The primary end points were the correction of NTIS and the occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The secondary point was the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after the follow-up. Results The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed significant lower correcting ratio of NTIS in control group compared with SB group [Hazard ratio (HR) 0.19, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.89, p = 0.035] and NAC group (HR 0.09, 95 % CI 0.02–0.38, p = 0.001), and increased ESRD risk in control group than in SB group (HR 1.97, 95 % CI 1.02–3.84, p = 0.045) and NAC group (HR 5.50, 95 % CI 2.23–13.57, p &lt; 0.001). The Cox regression analysis demonstrated significantly different effectiveness of placebo, SB and NAC on NTIS correction and ESRD risk, p &lt; 0.05, respectively. Variance analysis displayed a greater reduction in eGFR in controls than in SB (p = 0.044) and NAC group (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion SB and NAC are effective in promoting the recovery from NTIS status and delaying the deterioration of renal function in advanced CKD patients.</description><subject>Acetylcysteine - adverse effects</subject><subject>Acetylcysteine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Chi-Square Distribution</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - diagnosis</subject><subject>Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - drug therapy</subject><subject>Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - etiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glomerular Filtration Rate - drug effects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kaplan-Meier Estimate</subject><subject>Kidney - drug effects</subject><subject>Kidney - physiopathology</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - etiology</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - prevention &amp; control</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine &amp; Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nephrology</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diagnosis</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - drug therapy</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Single-Blind Method</subject><subject>Sodium Bicarbonate - adverse effects</subject><subject>Sodium Bicarbonate - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Urology</subject><issn>1121-8428</issn><issn>1724-6059</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kM9OwzAMhyMEYjB4AC4oLxBw0jTtuKGJf9IkLuNcpY27ZbTJlHRIfXsyFThysGzJv8-SP0JuONxxgOI-SlACGHDFIJOciRNywQshmYJ8cZpmLjgrpShn5DLGHYDIcyHPyUwUsswB1AXZrwPqoUc30NYH6rxjw3YM3hrdUdt1DmOkcXQm-B6pdVSbL-0aNLTZBu9sQz-tcThSYyPqiA9U02jdpkNWd9almHdD8F2XiDgczHhFzlrdRbz-6XPy8fy0Xr6y1fvL2_JxxZpMyoEVpahFC6myWnGjjGkAIMMiB8S8NHUpM4XQtCCF0o2Alqt8kSmQbc0XC53NCZ_uNsHHGLCt9sH2OowVh-por5rsVcledbRXicTcTsz-UPdo_ohfXSkgpkBMK7fBUO38Ibj0xz9XvwEfwnw3</recordid><startdate>20170801</startdate><enddate>20170801</enddate><creator>Yan, Wenjun</creator><creator>Wang, Lijuan</creator><creator>Huang, Tianlun</creator><creator>Xu, Gaosi</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170801</creationdate><title>Treatment for non-thyroidal illness syndrome in advanced chronic kidney disease: a single-blind controlled study</title><author>Yan, Wenjun ; Wang, Lijuan ; Huang, Tianlun ; Xu, Gaosi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c344t-782b2f0b2f3b61d6ddc0003e750ee58db8436e0cf0426ac20f16593604fb199a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Acetylcysteine - adverse effects</topic><topic>Acetylcysteine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Chi-Square Distribution</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Disease Progression</topic><topic>Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - diagnosis</topic><topic>Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - drug therapy</topic><topic>Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - etiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glomerular Filtration Rate - drug effects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Kaplan-Meier Estimate</topic><topic>Kidney - drug effects</topic><topic>Kidney - physiopathology</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic - etiology</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic - prevention &amp; control</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine &amp; Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nephrology</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diagnosis</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - drug therapy</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Single-Blind Method</topic><topic>Sodium Bicarbonate - adverse effects</topic><topic>Sodium Bicarbonate - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Urology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yan, Wenjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lijuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Tianlun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Gaosi</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of nephrology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yan, Wenjun</au><au>Wang, Lijuan</au><au>Huang, Tianlun</au><au>Xu, Gaosi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Treatment for non-thyroidal illness syndrome in advanced chronic kidney disease: a single-blind controlled study</atitle><jtitle>Journal of nephrology</jtitle><stitle>J Nephrol</stitle><addtitle>J Nephrol</addtitle><date>2017-08-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>557</spage><epage>565</epage><pages>557-565</pages><issn>1121-8428</issn><eissn>1724-6059</eissn><abstract>Aim Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is common among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is strongly associated with poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear in how to correct this disorder and this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (SB) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) for correcting NTIS status. Methods Patients with CKD stage 3–4 were single-blind, placebo-controlled treated with placebo, SB, or NAC for 18 weeks. The primary end points were the correction of NTIS and the occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The secondary point was the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after the follow-up. Results The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed significant lower correcting ratio of NTIS in control group compared with SB group [Hazard ratio (HR) 0.19, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.89, p = 0.035] and NAC group (HR 0.09, 95 % CI 0.02–0.38, p = 0.001), and increased ESRD risk in control group than in SB group (HR 1.97, 95 % CI 1.02–3.84, p = 0.045) and NAC group (HR 5.50, 95 % CI 2.23–13.57, p &lt; 0.001). The Cox regression analysis demonstrated significantly different effectiveness of placebo, SB and NAC on NTIS correction and ESRD risk, p &lt; 0.05, respectively. Variance analysis displayed a greater reduction in eGFR in controls than in SB (p = 0.044) and NAC group (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion SB and NAC are effective in promoting the recovery from NTIS status and delaying the deterioration of renal function in advanced CKD patients.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>27485006</pmid><doi>10.1007/s40620-016-0341-2</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Acetylcysteine - adverse effects
Acetylcysteine - therapeutic use
Chi-Square Distribution
China
Disease Progression
Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - diagnosis
Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - drug therapy
Euthyroid Sick Syndromes - etiology
Female
Glomerular Filtration Rate - drug effects
Humans
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Kidney - drug effects
Kidney - physiopathology
Kidney Failure, Chronic - etiology
Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology
Kidney Failure, Chronic - prevention & control
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Middle Aged
Nephrology
Original Article
Proportional Hazards Models
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diagnosis
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - drug therapy
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology
Risk Factors
Single-Blind Method
Sodium Bicarbonate - adverse effects
Sodium Bicarbonate - therapeutic use
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Urology
title Treatment for non-thyroidal illness syndrome in advanced chronic kidney disease: a single-blind controlled study
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