Para-selectivity of toluene ethylation over ZSM-5 catalysts

The title reaction was studied around 400 °C in an excess of toluene at atmospheric pressure when hydrogen was present in order to avoid coke formation. Space time, reaction temperature, catalyst pretreatment temperature, catalyst aging and poisoning with organic bases, and introduction of inorganic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Zeolites 1991-02, Vol.11 (2), p.169-177
Main Authors: Lónyi, F., Engelhardt, J., Kalló, D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
additives
Alkylation
Chemistry
Exact sciences and technology
General and physical chemistry
para-selectivity
side reactions
Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry
toluene
ZSM-5
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Summary:The title reaction was studied around 400 °C in an excess of toluene at atmospheric pressure when hydrogen was present in order to avoid coke formation. Space time, reaction temperature, catalyst pretreatment temperature, catalyst aging and poisoning with organic bases, and introduction of inorganic additives containing phosphorus and/or magnesium into the catalyst were varied. The change of yields and selectivities points to the primary formation of p-ethyltoluene in the course of ethylene addition. Secondary reactions are the isomerization to m-ethyltoluene and hydrodeethylation of ethyltoluenes. Disproportionation of toluene is a simultaneous transformation. The para-selectivity increased when the side reactions were suppressed by the reduction of Brönsted acidity. The effects of diffusion control can be disregarded.
ISSN:0144-2449
1873-3115
DOI:10.1016/0144-2449(91)80412-S