Generalized mesons in dense QCD

• Published in: Nuclear physics. A 2000-08, Vol.676 (1-4), p.273-310
• Main Authors: Rho, Mannque, Shuryak, Edward, Wirzba, Andreas, Zahed, Ismail
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0375-9474
• DOI: 10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00190-1

QCD superconductors in the color–flavor-locked (CFL) phase support excitations (generalized mesons) that can be described as pairs of particles or holes (rather than particle–hole) around a gapped Fermi surface. In weak coupling and to leading logarithm accuracy the scalar and pseudoscalar excitations are massless and the vector and axial-vector excitations are massive and degenerate. The massless scalar excitations are combined with the longitudinal gluons leading to the Meissner effect in the CFL phase. The mass of the composite vector excitations is close to twice the gap in weak coupling, but goes asymptotically to zero with increasing coupling thereby realizing Georgi's vector limit in cold and dense matter. We discuss the possible mixing of the composite scalar and vector excitations with the gluons, their possible coupling to the modified photons and their decay into light pseudoscalars in the CFL phase. The issue of hidden gauge-symmetry in the QCD superconductor is critically examined. The physical implications of our results on soft dilepton and neutrino emission in cold and dense matter are briefly discussed.