Prevalence of Obesity, Diabetes, Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia, and Metabolic Syndrome in Over 50-Year-Olds in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain

• Published in: Revista española de cardiologia 2008-11, Vol.61 (11), p.1150-1158
• Main Authors: Suárez, Alejandro López, González, Javier Elvira, Robles, Manuel Beltrán, Alwakil, Michael, Saucedo, Juan Manuel, Quirell, Antonio Bascuñana, Barón Ramos, Miguel A., Palacín, Fernando Fernández
• Format: Article
• Language: eng ; spa
• Subjects: Aged; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology; Female; Hipercolesterolemia; Hipertensión; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypercholesterolemia - epidemiology; Hypertension; Hypertension - epidemiology; Life Style; Male; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Middle Aged; Obesidad; Obesity; Obesity - epidemiology; Risk Factors; Spain - epidemiology; Síndrome metabólico; Tobacco Use Disorder - epidemiology
• ISSN: 1885-5857; 1885-5857; 1579-2242
• DOI: 10.1016/S1885-5857(09)60029-3

The Spanish province of Cadiz has some of the poorest socioeconomic conditions and the highest cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the city of Sanlucar de Barrameda in Cadiz. This cross-sectional population-based study involved 858 randomly selected individuals aged 50–75 years. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of the main cardiovascular risk factors were obtained. The mean age of the study population was 61.5 years and 53.6% were women. Overall, 46% of men and 61.7% of women were illiterate; 23.7% and 7.9%, respectively, were current smokers; 30.9% and 44.8% had a sedentary lifestyle; 54% and 55.9% were obese; 29.4% and 26.1% had diabetes; 45% and 52.4% had hypertension; 40.9% and 45.1% had hypercholesterolemia; and 58.8% and 57% had metabolic syndrome as defined by NCEP/ATP-III criteria. The prevalence of all cardiovascular risk factors, except smoking, increased with age. Significant inverse associations were observed between educational level and obesity in men and between educational level and diabetes and metabolic syndrome in women. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals aged 50–75 years in Sanlucar de Barrameda was extremely high. The prevalences of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome were among the highest ever reported in Spain. A very low educational level may underlie these adverse findings. Cádiz es una de las provincias con los marcadores socioeconómicos más desfavorables y la mayor morbimortalidad cardiovascular de España. Se estudia la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población adulta de Sanlúcar de Barrameda. Estudio poblacional con selección aleatoria de una muestra representativa constituida por 858 individuos con edades entre 50 y 75 años. Descripción de la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular principales ajustada por edad y sexo. La media de edad de los pacientes era 61,5 años, con un 53,6% de mujeres. La prevalencia de sujetos sin estudios en varones y mujeres fue del 46 y el 61,7%; de tabaquismo activo, el 23,7 y el 7,9%; de sedentarismo, el 30,9 y el 44,8%; de obesidad, el 54 y el 55,9%; de diabetes, el 29,4 y el 26,1%; de hipertensión, el 45 y el 52,4%; de hipercolesterolemia, el 40,9 y el 45,1%, y de síndrome metabólico (NCEP/ATP-III), el 58,8 y el 57%. Con excepción del tabaquismo, la prevalencia de todos los factores de rie