Wireless power transfer in space using flexible, lightweight, coherent arrays

• Published in: Acta astronautica 2024-11, Vol.224, p.226-243
• Main Authors: Ayling, Alex, Fikes, Austin, Mizrahi, Oren S., Wu, Ailec, Riazati, Raha, Brunet, Jesse, Abiri, Behrooz, Bohn, Florian, Gal-Katziri, Matan, Hashemi, Mohammed Reza M., Padmanabhan, Sharmila, Russell, Damon, Hajimiri, Ali
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Flexible phased array; Low Earth orbit; Microwave communication; Radio frequency integrated circuit; Space solar power; Wireless power transfer
• ISSN: 0094-5765
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.08.006

Space solar power (SSP), envisioned for decades as a solution for continuous, stable, and dynamically dispatchable clean energy, has seen tremendous interest and a number of experimental demonstrations in the last few years. A practical implementation has been elusive to date, owing to the high launch costs associated with heavy, rigid photovoltaic and wireless power transfer (WPT) arrays. Lightweight and flexible solutions for WPT have been demonstrated terrestrially but, to date, have not been deployed and tested in space. In this paper, we present an experimental space demonstration of a lightweight, flexible WPT array powered by custom radio-frequency integrated circuits. The transmit arrays, receive arrays, and the rest of the system were operated and tested for eight months in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Results from these experiments, including pointing of the array’s beam to Earth and its detection by a ground station, are presented and discussed in detail. Observations and results from this mission uncover existing strengths and weaknesses that inform future steps towards realizing SSP. •First demonstration of wireless power transfer in space.•Use of novel, custom, flexible phased array for wireless power transfer.•Pointing of in-space payload towards Earth and detection of power using custom ground station.•Presentation of short- and long-term performance degradation.