Upconversion nanomaterials and delivery systems for smart photonic medicines and healthcare devices

[Display omitted] In the past decade, upconversion (UC) nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for the applications to photomedicines with their unique features including biocompatibility, near-infrared (NIR) to visible conversion, photostability, controllable emission bands, and facile mu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced drug delivery reviews 2022-09, Vol.188, p.114419, Article 114419
Main Authors: Lee, Gibum, Choi, Hye Eun, Hong, Sang Hoon, Choi, Minji, Han, Dong-Wook, Lee, Junmin, Kim, Ki Su, Hahn, Sei Kwang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Delivery of Health Care
Delivery system
Healthcare device
Humans
Nanoparticles
Nanostructures
Photochemotherapy
Photomedicine
Upconversion nanomaterial
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Summary:[Display omitted] In the past decade, upconversion (UC) nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for the applications to photomedicines with their unique features including biocompatibility, near-infrared (NIR) to visible conversion, photostability, controllable emission bands, and facile multi-functionality. These characteristics of UC nanomaterials enable versatile light delivery for deep tissue biophotonic applications. Among various stimuli-responsive delivery systems, the light-responsive delivery process has been greatly advantageous to develop spatiotemporally controllable on-demand “smart” photonic medicines. UC nanomaterials are classified largely to two groups depending on the photon UC pathway and compositions: inorganic lanthanide-doped UC nanoparticles and organic triplet–triplet annihilation UC (TTA-UC) nanomaterials. Here, we review the current-state-of-art inorganic and organic UC nanomaterials for photo-medicinal applications including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), photo-triggered chemo and gene therapy, multimodal immunotherapy, NIR mediated neuromodulations, and photochemical tissue bonding (PTB). We also discuss the future research direction of this field and the challenges for further clinical development.
ISSN:0169-409X
1872-8294
DOI:10.1016/j.addr.2022.114419