Effect of fertilization and irrigation schedule on water and fertilizer solute transport for wheat crop in a sub-humid sub-tropical region

• Published in: Agriculture, ecosystems & environment ecosystems & environment, 2009-04, Vol.130 (3), p.141-155
• Main Authors: Behera, S.K., Panda, R.K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Biological and medical sciences; fertilizer application; field experimentation; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General agroecology; General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping; General agronomy. Plant production; Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development; infiltration (hydrology); irrigation rates; Irrigation schedule; irrigation scheduling; irrigation water; leaching; Leaching loss; losses from soil; nitrogen; Nitrogen use efficiency; NPK fertilizers; nutrient use efficiency; phosphorus; Phosphorus use efficiency; potassium; Solute transport; solutes; Triticum aestivum; water use efficiency; wheat; Wheat crop
• ISSN: 0167-8809; 1873-2305
• DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2008.12.009

In order to increase the water and fertilizer use efficiency and decrease the losses of water and fertilizer solutes (N and P), it is necessary to assess the influence of level of fertilization and irrigation schedule on movement and balance of water and fertilizers in the root zone. With this goal, the reported study was undertaken to determine the effect of fertilization and irrigation schedule on water movement and fertilizer solute transport in wheat crop field in a sub-tropical sub-humid region. Field experiments were conducted on wheat crop of cultivar Sonalika ( Triticum aestivum L.) during the years 2002–2003, 2003–2004 and 2004–2005. Each experiment consisted of four fertilizer treatments and three irrigation treatments during the wheat growth period. During the experiment, the irrigation treatments were: I 1 = 10% maximum allowable depletion (MAD) of available soil water (ASW); I 2 = 40% MAD of ASW; I 3 = 60% MAD of ASW. The fertilizer treatments during the experiment were: F 1 = control treatment with N:P 2O 5:K 2O as 0:0:0 kg ha −1; F 2 = fertilizer application of N:P 2O 5:K 2O as 80:40:40 kg ha −1; F 3 = fertilizer application of N:P 2O 5:K 2O as 120:60:60 kg ha −1 and F 4 = fertilizer application of N:P 2O 5:K 2O as 160:80:80 kg ha −1. The results of the investigation revealed that low volume high frequency irrigation results in higher deep percolation losses than the low frequency high volume irrigation with different levels of fertilization for wheat crop in coarse lateritic soil, whereas different levels of fertilization did not significantly affect soil water balance of the wheat crop root zone during all the irrigation schedules. Level of fertilization and irrigation schedule had significant effect on nitrogen leaching loss whereas irrigation schedules had no significant effect on nitrogen uptake under different levels of fertilization. On the other hand, the leaching loss of phosphorus was not significantly influenced by the irrigation schedule and level of fertilization of wheat crop. This indicated that PO 4–P leaching loss was very low in the soil solution as compared to nitrogen due to fixation of phosphorus in soils. From the observed data of nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency, it was revealed that irrigation schedule with 40% maximum allowable depletion of available soil water with F 2 fertilizer treatment (N:P 2O 5:K 2O as 80:40:40 kg ha −1) was the threshold limit for wheat crop with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus use, c