A Randomized Clinical Trial of Ibuprofen Versus Acetaminophen With Codeine for Acute Pediatric Arm Fracture Pain

• Published in: Annals of emergency medicine 2009-10, Vol.54 (4), p.553-560
• Main Authors: Drendel, Amy L., DO, MS, Gorelick, Marc H., MD, MSCE, Weisman, Steven J., MD, Lyon, Roger, MD, Brousseau, David C., MD, MS, Kim, Michael K., MD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetaminophen - adverse effects; Acetaminophen - therapeutic use; Adolescent; Analgesics; Analgesics - adverse effects; Analgesics - therapeutic use; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Arm Injuries - complications; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Child, Preschool; Codeine - adverse effects; Codeine - therapeutic use; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Emergency; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fractures, Bone - complications; Humans; Ibuprofen - adverse effects; Ibuprofen - therapeutic use; Intensive care medicine; Interviews as Topic; Male; Medical sciences; Neuropharmacology; Pain - drug therapy; Pain - etiology; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Self Administration; Treatment Failure
• ISSN: 0196-0644; 1097-6760
• DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.005

Study objective We compare the treatment of pain in children with arm fractures by ibuprofen 10 mg/kg versus acetaminophen with codeine 1 mg/kg/dose (codeine component). Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of children during the first 3 days after discharge from the emergency department (ED). The primary outcome was failure of the oral study medication, defined as use of the rescue medication. Pain medication use, pain scores, functional outcomes, adverse effects, and satisfaction were also assessed. Results Three hundred thirty-six children were randomized to treatment, 169 to ibuprofen and 167 to acetaminophen with codeine; 244 patients were analyzed. Both groups used a median of 4 doses (interquartile range 2, 6.5). The proportion of treatment failures for ibuprofen (20.3%) was lower than for acetaminophen with codeine (31.0%), though not statistically significant (difference=10.7%; 95% confidence interval –0.2 to 21.6). The proportion of children who had any function (play, sleep, eating, school) affected by pain when pain was analyzed by day after injury was significantly lower for the ibuprofen group. Significantly more children receiving acetaminophen with codeine reported adverse effects and did not want to use it for future fractures. Conclusion Ibuprofen was at least as effective as acetaminophen with codeine for outpatient analgesia for children with arm fractures. There was no significant difference in analgesic failure or pain scores, but children receiving ibuprofen had better functional outcomes. Children receiving ibuprofen had significantly fewer adverse effects, and both children and parents were more satisfied with ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is preferable to acetaminophen with codeine for outpatient treatment of children with uncomplicated arm fractures.