Exploration of dispatch model integrating wind generators and electric vehicles

•A novel business model for the BRPs is analyzed.•Imbalance cost of wind generation is considered in the UC-ED model.•Smart charging of EVs is included into the UC-ED problem to mitigate the imbalance cost.•Effects of smart charging on generation cost, CO2 emissions and total network load are assess...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied energy 2016-12, Vol.183, p.1441-1451
Main Authors: Haque, A.N.M.M., Ibn Saif, A.U.N., Nguyen, P.H., Torbaghan, S.S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Economic dispatch
Imbalance cost
PEV fleet
Smart charging
Unit commitment
Wind integration
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Summary:•A novel business model for the BRPs is analyzed.•Imbalance cost of wind generation is considered in the UC-ED model.•Smart charging of EVs is included into the UC-ED problem to mitigate the imbalance cost.•Effects of smart charging on generation cost, CO2 emissions and total network load are assessed. In recent years, the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electricity generation mix has been expanding rapidly. However, limited predictability of the RES poses challenges for traditional scheduling and dispatching mechanisms based on unit commitment (UC) and economic dispatch (ED). This paper presents an advanced UC-ED model to incorporate wind generators as RES-based units alongside conventional centralized generators. In the proposed UC-ED model, an imbalance cost is introduced reflecting the wind generation uncertainty along with the marginal generation cost. The proposed UC-ED model aims to utilize the flexibility of fleets of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) to optimally compensate for the wind generation uncertainty. A case study with 15 conventional units and 3 wind farms along with a fixed-sized PEV fleet demonstrates that shifting of PEV fleets charging at times of high wind availability realizes generation cost savings. Nevertheless, the operational cost saving incurred by controlled charging appears to diminish when dispatched wind energy becomes considerably larger than the charging energy of PEV fleets. Further analysis of the results reveals that the effectiveness of PEV control strategy in terms of CO2 emission reduction is strongly coupled with generation mix and the proposed control strategy is favored in cases where less pollutant-based plants like nuclear and hydro power are profoundly dominant.
ISSN:0306-2619
1872-9118
DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.078