3D micro-structuring by CW direct laser writing on PbO-Bi2O3-Ga2O3 glass

• Published in: Applied surface science 2022-07, Vol.589, p.152993, Article 152993
• Main Authors: Smolík, J., Knotek, P., Schwarz, J., Černošková, E., Janíček, P., Melánová, K., Zárybnická, L., Pouzar, M., Kutálek, P., Staněk, J., Edlman, J., Tichý, L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: CW laser; Direct laser writing; Heavy Metal Oxide Glasses; Microcrater; Microlens; Microline
• ISSN: 0169-4332; 1873-5584
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.152993

[Display omitted] •direct laser writing into heavy metal oxide glasses (PbO)0.75-x(Bi2O3)x(Ga2O3)0.25.•the 447 nm CW laser induces the formation of micro-lenses, -craters and -lines.•the addition of Bi2O3 led to the decrease of the laser power density threshold.•applied diagnostics SEM, DHM, AFM, Nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy.•local light-induced overheating calculated by COMSOL Multiphysics SW. Direct laser writing was successfully performed into high refractive-index glasses with the composition of (PbO)0.75-x(Bi2O3)x(Ga2O3)0.25for x = 0–0.3, using focused continuous-wave laser beam emitting at 447 nm. The local changes in the material dimensions were induced by the illumination. Due to local overheating of the illuminated area microlenses and microcraters were formed. The overheating magnitude was calculated employing COMSOL-SWfor illumination time 0.5 s and directly measured for the steady-state conditions.The microlens and microcrater formations with potential applications in optics were studied and the role of Bi2O3content on their formation was investigated. The glasses with different Bi2O3content had similar optical (penetration depth of laser), physical (density) and thermal (coefficient of thermal expansion) properties. On the contrary, the threshold power densities of the microlenses formationand microlines or their heights were significantly affected by the Bi2O3presence. No changes in the chemical compositionand structural arrangement were observed between non-illuminated materials and the objects (microlenses, microlines) formed by direct laser writing.However, the nanoindentation hardness of the objects was significantly lower compared to non-illuminated glass. The threshold power density of microcraters formationdoes not depend on the chemical composition due to the similar residual roughness of the surfaces.