Effect of water temperature and exposure duration on detachment rate of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis); testing the relevant thermal spectrum used for delousing

• Published in: Aquaculture 2023-01, Vol.562, p.738879, Article 738879
• Main Authors: Nilsson, Jonatan, Barrett, Luke T., Mangor-Jensen, Anders, Nola, Velimir, Harboe, Torstein, Folkedal, Ole
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Fish welfare; Non-medicinal; Sea lice; Temperature resistance; Thermal treatment; Warm water exposure
• ISSN: 0044-8486; 1873-5622
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738879

Thermal delousing has become the most applied method for treatment against salmon lice. However, the temperature range used is strongly aversive for salmonids, and the method is associated with increased mortality. Treatment temperature × duration combinations should be tailored to maximise delousing efficiency and minimize welfare impacts on the host fish. We tested the detachment rate of sessile, pre-adult and adult male and female salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) as a function of ambient temperature (11–16 °C), exposure temperature (28–36 °C), and exposure duration (0–120 s). Dead Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hosts were used to avoid negative fish welfare and detachment of lice due to fish behaviour. Within the range tested, higher exposure temperatures were associated with higher detachment rates among pre-adult and adult lice, while no sessile lice detached at any temperature. Moreover, no treatment combination detached 100% of lice of any stage, and at 28 °C, detachment of adult females was negligible. Most detachments occurred within the first 30 s of exposure. We conclude that for a given delousing efficiency, lower temperatures must be compensated for by considerably longer exposure durations. This may be a higher risk for the welfare of the host fish than higher temperatures and shorter exposure durations. •Temperature strongly affected detachment rate of salmon lice from immobile salmon.•At 32–36 °C most of the detachment occurred during the first 30 s of exposure.•Detachment rates of salmon lice at water temperatures of 28–30 °C was low.•Detachment of all lice within 120 s was not found at any temperatures up to 36 °C.