Topological numbers of fuzzy soft graphs and their applications in globalizing the world by mutual trade

• Published in: Applied soft computing 2024-07, Vol.159, p.111642, Article 111642
• Main Authors: Anwar, Shabana, Azeem, Muhammad, Jamil, Muhammad Kamran
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air transportation; China–Pakistan Economic Corridor; First and second Zagreb numbers; Fuzzy soft graph; Land route; Parameterized fuzzy graph
• ISSN: 1568-4946; 1872-9681
• DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2024.111642

In this research draft, by keeping in view, the importance of Zagreb numbers, first we defined some familiar graph families and their degrees in fuzzy soft environment, and then by converting these two novel topological numbers in fuzzy soft framework, their formulae are calculated for these graphical networks. An application of international trade using two kinds of routes is also discussed in the article, and by comparing the results efficiency of both the numbers is compared and analyzed how topological descriptors are useful in examining the progress and profit in the countries, that are a part of the project. Graphs are used in the modeling of links and processes within physical, biological, social, and information systems. A fuzzy graph is the most adaptable tool in mathematics, which describes the fuzzy relationship between objects. Fuzzy graphs are very helpful to give more accuracy to the system as compared to crisp graphs. A classification of the universe with respect to certain specified parameters is known as a soft set. It is a new method for simulating ambiguity and uncertainty. Soft set theory was created by Molodtsov in 1999 as a method for simulating vagueness and uncertainty. Soft set theory is presently used widely in academia to address decision-making issues. The concept of soft graphs is used to provide a parameterized point of view for graphs. In many areas of mathematics and chemistry, as well as in network theory, spectral graph theory, and molecular chemistry, the Zagreb numbers are crucial graph parameters. Due to the importance and significance of Zagreb numbers, in this research article we define these graph parameters in fuzzy soft environment and then derived the fundamental formula for first and second Zagreb numbers of some popular graph families. Also by keeping in view the importance of graph theory in solving decision making problems in business industry, and the most generic behavior of fuzzy soft graph due to its parameterized nature we use our work in application of decision making in trade among different nations. •We introduced two novel topological numbers in the framework of soft fuzzy graph.•Calculated general results of different graphs for these indices.•Then discussed an application related to China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.