Initial orbit determination methods for track-to-track association

• Published in: Advances in space research 2021-10, Vol.68 (7), p.2677-2694
• Main Authors: Pastor, Alejandro, Sanjurjo-Rivo, Manuel, Escobar, Diego
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Initial orbit determination; Orbit determination; Track-to-track association
• ISSN: 0273-1177; 1879-1948
• DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2021.06.042

•A novel initial orbit determination method for optical track association is presented.•The role of the orbit determination in the track-to-track association is discussed.•Proposed methods for optical and radar tracks are compared against classical alternatives. The detection and identification of Resident Space Objects (RSOs) from survey tracks requires robust and efficient orbit determination methods for the association of observations of the same RSO. Both Initial Orbit Determination (IOD) and Orbit Determination (OD) methods perform the orbital estimation in which the association of tracks relies. The choice of proper IOD and OD methods is essential for the whole data association, since they are in charge of providing the estimation required to evaluate the figure of merit of the association. In this paper, we review the state of the art and propose a novel method that does not require initialisation, accounts for measurement noise and provides a full estimation (i.e., state vector and covariance) from an arbitrary number of optical observations. To do so, a boundary value problem is formulated to find a pair of ranges leading to a minimum residuals of the observations. The proposed methods are compared against classical alternatives simulated in scenarios representative of the current space debris environment.