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Influence of smoke aerosols on low-level clouds over the Indian region during winter
The effect of smoke aerosols on the low-level clouds over the Indian landmass during the winter season is examined using 15 years (2005–2019) of long-term multi-satellite observations and reanalyses (MERRA-2 and ERA-5) datasets. Climatologically higher values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) (> 0.6...
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| Published in: | Atmospheric research 2022-11, Vol.278, p.106358, Article 106358 |
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| creator | Sarkar, Ankan Panda, Jagabandhu Kant, Sunny Mukherjee, Asmita |
| description | The effect of smoke aerosols on the low-level clouds over the Indian landmass during the winter season is examined using 15 years (2005–2019) of long-term multi-satellite observations and reanalyses (MERRA-2 and ERA-5) datasets. Climatologically higher values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) (> 0.6), Angstrom exponent (> 1.5), UV-aerosol index (> 0.7), and black carbon and organic carbon (BC + OC) extinction aerosol optical thickness (EXTAOT) (> 0.18) are found over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) compared to the rest of India indicating the dominance of smoke aerosols over the region. However, considerable enhancements in AOD (~ 60%) and (BC + OC) EXTAOT (20–40%) are observed over some parts of eastern India (particularly Odisha and Chhattisgarh) and central-south India compared to IGP (< 10% and |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106358 |
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•The dominance of smoke aerosols is prevalent over the IGP region during winter.•Increase in smoke aerosols and biomass burning observed over eastern and central-south India in recent years.•CF and CER showed a considerable increase in polluted conditions.•Absorbing aerosols above the low-level cloud decks increased CF over the central IGP.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0169-8095</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2895</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106358</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Aerosol ; Biomass burning ; Low-level cloud ; Smoke</subject><ispartof>Atmospheric research, 2022-11, Vol.278, p.106358, Article 106358</ispartof><rights>2022 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-cab1cb262283173e62c6ec69a77657eef61f146b8d007d82f376a44c05e99d4b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-cab1cb262283173e62c6ec69a77657eef61f146b8d007d82f376a44c05e99d4b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sarkar, Ankan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panda, Jagabandhu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kant, Sunny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukherjee, Asmita</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of smoke aerosols on low-level clouds over the Indian region during winter</title><title>Atmospheric research</title><description>The effect of smoke aerosols on the low-level clouds over the Indian landmass during the winter season is examined using 15 years (2005–2019) of long-term multi-satellite observations and reanalyses (MERRA-2 and ERA-5) datasets. Climatologically higher values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) (> 0.6), Angstrom exponent (> 1.5), UV-aerosol index (> 0.7), and black carbon and organic carbon (BC + OC) extinction aerosol optical thickness (EXTAOT) (> 0.18) are found over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) compared to the rest of India indicating the dominance of smoke aerosols over the region. However, considerable enhancements in AOD (~ 60%) and (BC + OC) EXTAOT (20–40%) are observed over some parts of eastern India (particularly Odisha and Chhattisgarh) and central-south India compared to IGP (< 10% and < 5% respectively) in the recent years. Also, fire activities are increasing over almost the same region where smoke aerosols increased considerably, suggesting a significant role of local biomass burning (BB) in the observed rise of smoke aerosols. However, prevailing wind patterns and HYSPLIT backward air mass trajectories indicate that long-range transport from the upper IGP regions and northwestern sides of India and beyond could also increase smoke loading over this region. Climatologically, distinct spatial patterns with moderate cloud fraction (CF) (0.5–0.6) and comparatively larger liquid cloud effective radius (CER) (16–17 μm) are found over the IGP region. This study suggests that mainly low-level clouds contribute to this distinct signature of cloud distributions. However, a significant increase in CF (50–60%) is observed over almost the same region where smoke aerosols showed a considerable rise, implying the possible influence of smoke aerosols on the low-level clouds. While CF and CER showed a noticeable increase in the polluted condition, cloud optical thickness and liquid cloud water path showed a consequent decrease with increased aerosol loading. CALIPSO images suggest that mostly a mixture of dust, polluted dust, and polluted continental/smoke aerosols showed clear dominance over the inland areas, mostly confined within 2 km altitude over almost the entire study domain. However, an elevated layer of absorbing aerosols (smoke and polluted dust) over the low-level cloud increased the cloud fraction through the ‘aerosol-cloud-boundary layer’ feedback mechanism.
•The dominance of smoke aerosols is prevalent over the IGP region during winter.•Increase in smoke aerosols and biomass burning observed over eastern and central-south India in recent years.•CF and CER showed a considerable increase in polluted conditions.•Absorbing aerosols above the low-level cloud decks increased CF over the central IGP.</description><subject>Aerosol</subject><subject>Biomass burning</subject><subject>Low-level cloud</subject><subject>Smoke</subject><issn>0169-8095</issn><issn>1873-2895</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkM1KAzEcxIMoWKuvIHmBrfnYzWZvSlFbKHip55BN_qmp6UaSbYtvb0r17GlgmBmGH0L3lMwooeJhO9PjLuYEecYIY8UUvJEXaEJlyysmu-YSTUqwqyTpmmt0k_OWENKQupug9XJwYQ-DARwdzrv4CVhDijmGjOOAQzxWAQ4QsAlxb4t3gITHD8DLwXo94AQbX3J2n_ywwUc_jJBu0ZXTIcPdr07R-8vzer6oVm-vy_nTqjJckLEyuqemZ4IxyWnLQTAjwIhOt61oWgAnqKO16KUlpLWSOd4KXdeGNNB1tu75FInzrimHCwCnvpLf6fStKFEnNmqr_tioExt1ZlOKj-cilHcHD0ll408QrE9gRmWj_2_iB05wceA</recordid><startdate>202211</startdate><enddate>202211</enddate><creator>Sarkar, Ankan</creator><creator>Panda, Jagabandhu</creator><creator>Kant, Sunny</creator><creator>Mukherjee, Asmita</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202211</creationdate><title>Influence of smoke aerosols on low-level clouds over the Indian region during winter</title><author>Sarkar, Ankan ; Panda, Jagabandhu ; Kant, Sunny ; Mukherjee, Asmita</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-cab1cb262283173e62c6ec69a77657eef61f146b8d007d82f376a44c05e99d4b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Aerosol</topic><topic>Biomass burning</topic><topic>Low-level cloud</topic><topic>Smoke</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sarkar, Ankan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panda, Jagabandhu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kant, Sunny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukherjee, Asmita</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Atmospheric research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sarkar, Ankan</au><au>Panda, Jagabandhu</au><au>Kant, Sunny</au><au>Mukherjee, Asmita</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of smoke aerosols on low-level clouds over the Indian region during winter</atitle><jtitle>Atmospheric research</jtitle><date>2022-11</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>278</volume><spage>106358</spage><pages>106358-</pages><artnum>106358</artnum><issn>0169-8095</issn><eissn>1873-2895</eissn><abstract>The effect of smoke aerosols on the low-level clouds over the Indian landmass during the winter season is examined using 15 years (2005–2019) of long-term multi-satellite observations and reanalyses (MERRA-2 and ERA-5) datasets. Climatologically higher values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) (> 0.6), Angstrom exponent (> 1.5), UV-aerosol index (> 0.7), and black carbon and organic carbon (BC + OC) extinction aerosol optical thickness (EXTAOT) (> 0.18) are found over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) compared to the rest of India indicating the dominance of smoke aerosols over the region. However, considerable enhancements in AOD (~ 60%) and (BC + OC) EXTAOT (20–40%) are observed over some parts of eastern India (particularly Odisha and Chhattisgarh) and central-south India compared to IGP (< 10% and < 5% respectively) in the recent years. Also, fire activities are increasing over almost the same region where smoke aerosols increased considerably, suggesting a significant role of local biomass burning (BB) in the observed rise of smoke aerosols. However, prevailing wind patterns and HYSPLIT backward air mass trajectories indicate that long-range transport from the upper IGP regions and northwestern sides of India and beyond could also increase smoke loading over this region. Climatologically, distinct spatial patterns with moderate cloud fraction (CF) (0.5–0.6) and comparatively larger liquid cloud effective radius (CER) (16–17 μm) are found over the IGP region. This study suggests that mainly low-level clouds contribute to this distinct signature of cloud distributions. However, a significant increase in CF (50–60%) is observed over almost the same region where smoke aerosols showed a considerable rise, implying the possible influence of smoke aerosols on the low-level clouds. While CF and CER showed a noticeable increase in the polluted condition, cloud optical thickness and liquid cloud water path showed a consequent decrease with increased aerosol loading. CALIPSO images suggest that mostly a mixture of dust, polluted dust, and polluted continental/smoke aerosols showed clear dominance over the inland areas, mostly confined within 2 km altitude over almost the entire study domain. However, an elevated layer of absorbing aerosols (smoke and polluted dust) over the low-level cloud increased the cloud fraction through the ‘aerosol-cloud-boundary layer’ feedback mechanism.
•The dominance of smoke aerosols is prevalent over the IGP region during winter.•Increase in smoke aerosols and biomass burning observed over eastern and central-south India in recent years.•CF and CER showed a considerable increase in polluted conditions.•Absorbing aerosols above the low-level cloud decks increased CF over the central IGP.</abstract><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106358</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aerosol Biomass burning Low-level cloud Smoke |
| title | Influence of smoke aerosols on low-level clouds over the Indian region during winter |
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