Distributed Optimal Frequency Control under communication packet loss in multi-agent electric energy systems

• Published in: Automatica (Oxford) 2023-08, Vol.154, p.111088, Article 111088
• Main Authors: Xie, Siyu, Nazari, Masoud H., Wang, Le Yi, Yin, George, Zhang, Xinyu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Communication uncertainty; Convergence rate; Distributed optimal frequency control; Multi-agent electric energy systems; Packet delivery ratio
• ISSN: 0005-1098; 1873-2836
• DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2023.111088

This paper investigates the impact of communication packet loss on Distributed Optimal Frequency Control (DOFC) in Alternating Current (AC) electric energy systems, populated with multiple clusters of hybrid producer–consumer (prosumer) agents. The paper first establishes rigorous relationships between the communication packet delivery ratio and the convergence rate of the proposed DOFC algorithm. This provides a foundation for resource allocation on communication systems to enhance the convergence speed of distributed optimization and control algorithms, such as DOFC, under noisy and disrupted communication systems. The paper develops a systematic approach to identify the best possible convergence rate over all possible algorithms, by introducing an algorithm that can achieve asymptotically the Cramér-Rao (CR) lower bound. This fundamental result links the information contents of data to the best possible mean-square estimation error. Simulation studies on an electric energy system validate the theoretical results.