Induction of PXR-mediated metabolism by β-carotene

β-carotene is the major carotenoid occurring in the human diet and in the human organism. Besides its function as pro-vitamin A, β-carotene has been shown to be an activator of the human pregnan X receptor (PXR). PXR is mainly expressed in the liver/intestine and an inducer of enzymes involved in ph...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biochimica et biophysica acta 2005-05, Vol.1740 (2), p.162-169
Main Author: Rühl, Ralph
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
beta Carotene - pharmacology
Bile Acids and Salts - metabolism
Biological Transport
Carotenoid
CYP3A
Diet
Humans
Liver - enzymology
Liver - metabolism
Oxidation-Reduction
PXR
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear - agonists
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear - metabolism
Receptors, Steroid - agonists
Receptors, Steroid - metabolism
Retinoic
Retinoid
Stereoisomerism
Tretinoin - metabolism
Vitamin A
Xenobiotics - metabolism
β-carotene
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Summary:β-carotene is the major carotenoid occurring in the human diet and in the human organism. Besides its function as pro-vitamin A, β-carotene has been shown to be an activator of the human pregnan X receptor (PXR). PXR is mainly expressed in the liver/intestine and an inducer of enzymes involved in phase I, II and III metabolism. This review is focused on the evaluation of physiological and nutritional relevance of β-carotene as an inducer of phase I enzymes in the human organism via PXR-mediated mechanisms. Beneficial and detrimental effects of β-carotene on xenobiotica metabolism and metabolism of various other derivatives will be discussed.
ISSN:0925-4439
0006-3002
1879-260X
DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.11.013