Intracerebral hemorrhage and cognitive impairment

• Published in: Biochimica et biophysica acta 2016-05, Vol.1862 (5), p.939-944
• Main Authors: Xiong, Li, Reijmer, Yael D., Charidimou, Andreas, Cordonnier, Charlotte, Viswanathan, Anand
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Cerebral Hemorrhage - complications; Cerebral Hemorrhage - pathology; Cerebral Hemorrhage - physiopathology; Cognitive Dysfunction - etiology; Cognitive Dysfunction - pathology; Cognitive Dysfunction - physiopathology; Cognitive impairment; Dementia; Dementia, Vascular - etiology; Dementia, Vascular - pathology; Dementia, Vascular - physiopathology; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Neurodegenerative pathology; Small vessel disease
• ISSN: 0925-4439; 0006-3002; 1879-260X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.011

Vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia are composed of cognitive deficits resulted from a range of vascular lesions and pathologies, including both ischemic and hemorrhagic. However the contribution of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage presumed due to small vessel diseases on cognitive impairment is underestimated, in contrast to the numerous studies about the role of ischemic vascular disorders on cognition. In this review we summarize recent findings from clinical studies and appropriate basic science research to better elucidate the role and possible mechanisms of intracerebral hemorrhage in cognitive impairment and dementia. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau and Donna M. Wilcock. •Cognitive impairment commonly occurs in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and even prior to their initial presentation.•The underlying pathology of lobar ICH is commonly related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease.•The underlying pathology of deep ICH is commonly related to a deep perforating vasculopathy due to vascular risk factors.•Underlying pathology appears to be associated with the cognitive impairment after ICH.