Neuroprotective effect of individual ginsenosides on astrocytes primary culture

Most of the known pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng on the central nervous system are due to its major components – ginsenosides. Although the antioxidant ability of ginseng root has already been established, this activity has never been evaluated for isolated ginsenosides on astrocytes. The...

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Published in:Biochimica et biophysica acta 2007-09, Vol.1770 (9), p.1308-1316
Main Authors: López, M. Victoria Naval, Cuadrado, M. Pilar Gómez-Serranillos, Ruiz-Poveda, Olga M. Palomino, Del Fresno, Angel M. Villar, Accame, M. Emilia Carretero
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Astrocyte
Astrocytes - drug effects
Catalase - metabolism
Cells, Cultured
Ginsenoside
Ginsenosides - pharmacology
Hydrogen Peroxide - toxicity
Neuroprotection
Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism
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Summary:Most of the known pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng on the central nervous system are due to its major components – ginsenosides. Although the antioxidant ability of ginseng root has already been established, this activity has never been evaluated for isolated ginsenosides on astrocytes. The activity of protopanaxadiols Rb 1, Rb 2, Rc and Rd, and protopanaxatriols Re and Rg 1 was evaluated in vitro on astrocytes primary culture by means of an oxidative stress model with H 2O 2. The viability of astrocytes was determined by the MTT reduction assay and by the LDH release into the incubation medium. The effects on the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) and on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation were also investigated. Exposure of astrocytes to H 2O 2 decreased cell viability as well as the antioxidant enzymes activity and increased ROS formation. Oxidative stress produced significant cell death that was reduced by previous treatment with the tested ginsenosides. Ginsenosides Rb 1, Rb 2, Re and Rg 1 were effective in reducing astrocytic death, while Rb 1, Rb 2, Rd, Re and Rg 1 decreased ROS formation, ginsenoside Re being the most active. Ginsenosides from P. ginseng induce neuroprotection mainly through activation of antioxidant enzymes.
ISSN:0304-4165
0006-3002
1872-8006
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.06.008