Long noncoding RNAs in diseases of aging

Aging is a process during which progressive deteriorating of cells, tissues, and organs over time lead to loss of function, disease, and death. Towards the goal of extending human health span, there is escalating interest in understanding the mechanisms that govern aging-associated pathologies. Adeq...

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Published in:Biochimica et biophysica acta 2016-01, Vol.1859 (1), p.209-221
Main Authors: Kim, Jiyoung, Kim, Kyoung Mi, Noh, Ji Heon, Yoon, Je-Hyun, Abdelmohsen, Kotb, Gorospe, Myriam
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age-associated disease
Aging - genetics
Aging - pathology
Differentiation
Energy Metabolism - genetics
Gene Expression Regulation
Homeostasis
Humans
mRNA stability
mRNA translation
Myocytes
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - pathology
Post-transcriptional gene regulation
Ribonucleoprotein complexes
RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics
Senescence
Transcriptional control
Transcriptome
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Summary:Aging is a process during which progressive deteriorating of cells, tissues, and organs over time lead to loss of function, disease, and death. Towards the goal of extending human health span, there is escalating interest in understanding the mechanisms that govern aging-associated pathologies. Adequate regulation of expression of coding and noncoding genes is critical for maintaining organism homeostasis and preventing disease processes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as key regulators of gene expression at all levels — transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational. In this review, we discuss our emerging understanding of lncRNAs implicated in aging illnesses. We focus on diseases arising from age-driven impairment in energy metabolism (obesity, diabetes), the declining capacity to respond homeostatically to proliferative and damaging stimuli (cancer, immune dysfunction), and neurodegeneration. We identify the lncRNAs involved in these ailments and discuss the rising interest in lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets to ameliorate age-associated pathologies and prolong health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Clues to long noncoding RNA taxonomy1, edited by Dr. Tetsuro Hirose and Dr. Shinichi Nakagawa. •Long noncoding (lnc)RNAs regulate gene expression programs in aging pathologies.•LncRNAs govern aging-impaired energy metabolism (obesity, diabetes).•LncRNAs affect aging-impaired proliferative and immune responses (cancer, immunity).•LncRNAs modulate age-related neurodegeneration.•LncRNAs involved in diseases of aging represent promising therapeutic targets.
ISSN:1874-9399
0006-3002
1876-4320
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.06.013