Radiation sensitivity of human and murine peripheral blood lymphocytes, stem and progenitor cells

Immunodeficiency is a severe side effect of radiation therapy, notably at high radiation doses. It may also impact healthy individuals exposed to environmental ionizing radiation. Although it is believed to result from cytotoxicity of bone marrow cells and of immunocompetent cells in the peripheral...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biochimica et biophysica acta 2014-08, Vol.1846 (1), p.121-129
Main Authors: Heylmann, Daniel, Rödel, Franz, Kindler, Thomas, Kaina, Bernd
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cancer therapy
Cell Survival - radiation effects
DNA Damage
DNA repair
Hematopoietic Stem Cells - physiology
Hematopoietic Stem Cells - radiation effects
Humans
Immunocompetence - radiation effects
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes - physiology
Lymphocytes - radiation effects
Mice
Monocytes
Radiation
Radiation Tolerance
Radioactive Hazard Release
Stem cells
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Summary:Immunodeficiency is a severe side effect of radiation therapy, notably at high radiation doses. It may also impact healthy individuals exposed to environmental ionizing radiation. Although it is believed to result from cytotoxicity of bone marrow cells and of immunocompetent cells in the peripheral blood, the response of distinct bone marrow and blood cell subpopulations following exposure to ionizing radiation is not yet fully explored. In this review, we aim to compile the knowledge on radiation sensitivity of immunocompetent cells and to summarize data from bone marrow and peripheral blood cells derived from mouse and human origin. In addition, we address the radiation response of blood stem and progenitor cells. The data indicate that stem cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, monocytes, neutrophils and, at a high degree, B cells display a radiation sensitive phenotype while regulatory T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and natural killer cells appear to be more radioresistant. No conclusive data are available for basophil and eosinophil granulocytes. Erythrocytes and thrombocytes, but not their precursors, seem to be highly radioresistant. Overall, the data indicate considerable differences in radiosensitivity of bone marrow and blood normal and malignant cell populations, which are discussed in the light of differential radiation responses resulting in hematotoxicity and related clinical implications.
ISSN:0304-419X
0006-3002
1879-2561
DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.009