Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and low or inappropriately normal levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Pseudohypoparathyroidism is characterized by similar findings however PTH is elevated due to PTH resistance. PTH is a key calcium regulating hormone essential...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2012-08, Vol.26 (4), p.517-522
Main Authors: Al-Azem, Hafsah, MD, Khan, Aliya A., MD, FRCPC
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
calcium
Endocrinology & Metabolism
hypocalcemia
hypoparathyroidism
parathyroid hormone
PTH
vitamin D
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Summary:Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and low or inappropriately normal levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Pseudohypoparathyroidism is characterized by similar findings however PTH is elevated due to PTH resistance. PTH is a key calcium regulating hormone essential for calcium homeostasis, vitamin D-dependant calcium absorption, renal calcium reabsorption and renal phosphate clearance. The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is iatrogenic in the setting of anterior neck surgery. Hypoparathyroidism may be due to congenital or acquired disorders. Causes include autoimmune diseases, genetic abnormalities, destruction or infiltrative disorders of the parathyroids. Impaired secretion of PTH may be seen with hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia Work-up includes a comprehensive history, physical examination, and a relevant biochemical investigation. Treatment of symptomatic or profound asymptomatic hypocalcemia (Corrected Calcium (Ca) 
ISSN:1521-690X
1878-1594
DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2012.01.004