Extraction of the antioxidant phytocomplex from wine-making by-products and sustainable loading in phospholipid vesicles specifically tailored for skin protection

• Published in: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy 2021-10, Vol.142, p.111959, Article 111959
• Main Authors: Perra, Matteo, Lozano-Sánchez, Jesús, Leyva-Jiménez, Francisco-Javier, Segura-Carretero, Antonio, Pedraz, Josè Luis, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Muntoni, Aldo, De Gioannis, Giorgia, Manca, Maria Letizia, Manconi, Maria
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Antioxidant; Antioxidants - administration & dosage; Antioxidants - isolation & purification; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Ethanol-water extraction; Fibroblasts; Fibroblasts - drug effects; Fibroblasts - pathology; Grape pomace; Hydrogen Peroxide; Liposomes; Mice; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Particle Size; Phospholipid vesicles; Phospholipids - chemistry; Phytochemicals - administration & dosage; Phytochemicals - isolation & purification; Phytochemicals - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - administration & dosage; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Skin - drug effects; Skin - pathology; Skin delivery; Vitis - chemistry; Wine - analysis
• ISSN: 0753-3322; 1950-6007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111959

The present study is aimed at valorizing grape pomace, one of the most abundant winery-making by-products of the Mediterranean area, through the extraction of the main bioactive compounds from the skin of grape pomace and using them to manufacture innovative nanoformulations capable of both avoiding skin damages and promoting skincare. The phytochemicals were recovered through maceration in hydroethanolic solution. Catechin, quercetin, fisetin and gallic acid, which are known for their antioxidant power, were detected as the main compounds of the extract. Liposomes and phospholipid vesicles modified with glycerol or Montanov 82® or a combination of both, were used as carriers for the extract. The vesicles were small (~183 nm), slightly polydispersed (PI ≥ 0.28), and highly negatively charged (~−50 mV). The extract was loaded in high amounts in all vesicles (~100%) irrespective of their composition. The antioxidant activity of the extract, measured by using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test, was 84 ± 1%, and slightly increased when loaded into the vesicles (~89%, P