Acetate esters of saturated and unsaturated alcohols (C 12–C 20) are major components in Dufour glands of Bracon cephi and Bracon lissogaster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitoids of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

Chemistry of Dufour glands associated with the venom complex in Bracon cephi (Gahan) and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck (Hymenoptera; Braconidae), two parasitoids of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), was examined by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chroma...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biochemical systematics and ecology 2005-08, Vol.33 (8), p.757-769
Main Authors: Baker, James, Howard, Ralph, Morrill, Wendell, Meers, Scott, Weaver, David
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetate esters
Alkenes
biological control
Braconidae
chemical composition
Dufour gland
Dufour's gland
Hydrocarbons
insect pests
Parasitoid
Semiochemicals
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Summary:Chemistry of Dufour glands associated with the venom complex in Bracon cephi (Gahan) and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck (Hymenoptera; Braconidae), two parasitoids of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), was examined by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Homologous series of five chemical classes were detected in individual glands from each species. Major classes included: (1) acetate esters of saturated and unsaturated primary alcohols with parent chain lengths from C 12 to C 20. Hexadecanyl acetate, octadecanyl acetate, and octadecenyl acetate were major components in B. cephi. The composition of the acetate series in B. lissogaster was similar except that the octadecanyl acetate was only a minor component. (2) A homologous series of monoenes from C 23:1 to C 35:1 were detected in both species, with C 29:1, C 31:1 and C 33:1 being the major components. Dienes from C 31:2 to C 35:2 and trienes (C 33:3–C 35:3) were also detected in both species. (3) A homologous series of n-alkanes from C 19 to C 31 was detected in both species. n-Tricosane was the major component. Minor components in both species included homologous series of both mono- and dimethyl branched alkanes. The Dufour gland hydrocarbon components in both B. cephi and B. lissogaster have some similarities to the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons of their host C. cinctus, a species with a complex pheromonal signaling system.
ISSN:0305-1978
1873-2925
DOI:10.1016/j.bse.2004.12.025