Presenting a Method to Generate Existing and Novel Girihs (Islamic Geometric Patterns) for All Systems and Families Based on 7-Fold Patterns

• Published in: Computer aided design 2023-01, Vol.154, p.103418, Article 103418
• Main Authors: Azizi Naserabad, Ali, Ghanbaran, Abdulhamid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 7-fold system; Islamic art; Islamic geometric patterns; Symmetry groups
• ISSN: 0010-4485; 1879-2685
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cad.2022.103418

Girihs (Islamic geometric patterns) are an example of graphic designs in architectural spaces. Some wonderful Islamic geometric patterns are produced by 7-fold polygonal sub-grid elements. In this paper, after examining 7-fold patterns, we will present a method based on the symmetry groups theory to construct 7N-point girihs. This method is based on a step-by-step process from constructing the minimal essential information (template motif) needed to generate a particular symmetry type within the fundamental region to replicating the unit girih in a two-dimensional plane based on a suitable net. Finally, we will present a notation system for the method of this paper consisting of generative parameters to construct girihs of the 7-fold system and other Bonner’s systems classified into four families: acute, middle, obtuse, and two-point. [Display omitted] •This paper aims to discover the generative parameters to create girihs for all systems (including the 7-fold system) and families (including the 2-point family).•Our proposed method is based on the symmetry groups theory and is a rail-based method.•In this paper, we have paid attention to the orientation of girihs which was not considered in previous works as a parameter.