Design strategies, properties and applications of cellulose nanomaterials-enhanced products with residual, technical or nanoscale lignin—A review

•The properties of unbleached CNMs are highly dependent on the pulping process.•Range of lignin structures can create tailored lignin/CNM composites.•Water-dispersible CLPs allow for homogeneous blending with CNMs.•Combinations of CNMs and lignin enable new functionalities and applications. With the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Carbohydrate polymers 2021-02, Vol.254, p.117480, Article 117480
Main Authors: Trovagunta, Ramakrishna, Zou, Tao, Österberg, Monica, Kelley, Stephen S., Lavoine, Nathalie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry
Antioxidants - chemistry
Biomass
Cellulose - chemistry
Cellulose nanomaterials
Colloidal lignin particles
Colloids
Green Chemistry Technology
Humans
Lignin - chemistry
Ligno-nanocellulose
Nanostructures - chemistry
Nanotechnology - methods
Residual lignin
Technical lignin
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Summary:•The properties of unbleached CNMs are highly dependent on the pulping process.•Range of lignin structures can create tailored lignin/CNM composites.•Water-dispersible CLPs allow for homogeneous blending with CNMs.•Combinations of CNMs and lignin enable new functionalities and applications. With the increasing demand for greener alternatives to fossil-derived products, research on cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) has rapidly expanded. The combination of nanoscale properties and sustainable attributes makes CNMs an asset in the quest for a sustainable society. However, challenges such as the hydrophilic nature of CNMs, their low compatibility with non-polar matrices and modest thermal stability, slow the development of end-uses. Combination of CNMs with amphiphilic lignin can improve the thermal stability, enhance the compatibility with non-polar matrices and, additionally, endow CNMs with new functionalities e.g., UV shielding or antioxidative properties. This article comprehensively reviews the different design strategies and their influence on properties and applications of CNMs containing lignin in various forms; either as residual lignin, added technical lignin, or nanoscale particles. The review focuses especially on the synergy created between CNMs and lignin, paving the way for new production routes and use of CNM/lignin materials in high-performance applications.
ISSN:0144-8617
1879-1344
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117480