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Effects of trichlorfon on oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and cortisol levels in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., at different temperatures

Trichlorfon (TCF) is an organophosphate compound used extensively as an anti-parasitic in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the effects of TCF on the antioxidant defense system, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and stress responses in various tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L....

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Published in:Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology 2020-03, Vol.229, p.108698, Article 108698
Main Authors: Woo, Soo Ji, Chung, Joon Ki
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description Trichlorfon (TCF) is an organophosphate compound used extensively as an anti-parasitic in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the effects of TCF on the antioxidant defense system, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and stress responses in various tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). C.carpio L. were exposed to different concentrations of TCF (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4 mg L−1) at 25 and 15 °C for two weeks (measurements were taken after week 1 and 2). TCF exposure induced significant alterations in antioxidant responses in the gills and the liver. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased considerably after TCF exposure, depending on water temperature, whereas catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased notably after one and two weeks. Remarkable antioxidant responses were observed in the gills, suggesting the gills were more sensitive to oxidative stress than the liver based on CAT, GST, and GSH levels. Notable increases in MDA levels were observed in the gills and the liver. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in the brain and muscles even at the lowest TCF concentration of 0.5 mg L−1, indicating neurotoxicity following TCF exposure. As a stress indicator, plasma cortisol was significantly elevated following exposure to TCF depending on water temperature, thereby enhancing stress. These results suggest that TCF exposure can induce considerable alterations in antioxidant responses, neurotoxicity, and stress reaction depending on water temperature. The assayed enzymes are potential biomarkers of organophosphate contamination. [Display omitted] •Trichlorfon (TCF) resulted in oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and stress.•CAT, GST, and GSH levels were remarkable in the gills.•AChE activity was significantly inhibited in the brain and muscles.•Plasma cortisol was elevated following TCF with temperature stress.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108698
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AChE activity was significantly inhibited in the brain and muscles even at the lowest TCF concentration of 0.5 mg L−1, indicating neurotoxicity following TCF exposure. As a stress indicator, plasma cortisol was significantly elevated following exposure to TCF depending on water temperature, thereby enhancing stress. These results suggest that TCF exposure can induce considerable alterations in antioxidant responses, neurotoxicity, and stress reaction depending on water temperature. The assayed enzymes are potential biomarkers of organophosphate contamination. [Display omitted] •Trichlorfon (TCF) resulted in oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and stress.•CAT, GST, and GSH levels were remarkable in the gills.•AChE activity was significantly inhibited in the brain and muscles.•Plasma cortisol was elevated following TCF with temperature stress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1532-0456</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-1659</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108698</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31884009</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Acetylcholinesterase ; Animals ; Antioxidant ; Antioxidants - metabolism ; Biomarkers - metabolism ; Carps - metabolism ; Common carp ; Cortisol ; Hydrocortisone - blood ; Organophosphate ; Oxidative Stress ; Temperature ; Trichlorfon ; Trichlorfon - toxicity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity ; Xenobiotics - toxicity</subject><ispartof>Comparative biochemistry and physiology. 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AChE activity was significantly inhibited in the brain and muscles even at the lowest TCF concentration of 0.5 mg L−1, indicating neurotoxicity following TCF exposure. As a stress indicator, plasma cortisol was significantly elevated following exposure to TCF depending on water temperature, thereby enhancing stress. These results suggest that TCF exposure can induce considerable alterations in antioxidant responses, neurotoxicity, and stress reaction depending on water temperature. The assayed enzymes are potential biomarkers of organophosphate contamination. [Display omitted] •Trichlorfon (TCF) resulted in oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and stress.•CAT, GST, and GSH levels were remarkable in the gills.•AChE activity was significantly inhibited in the brain and muscles.•Plasma cortisol was elevated following TCF with temperature stress.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>31884009</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108698</doi></addata></record>
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subjects Acetylcholinesterase
Animals
Antioxidant
Antioxidants - metabolism
Biomarkers - metabolism
Carps - metabolism
Common carp
Cortisol
Hydrocortisone - blood
Organophosphate
Oxidative Stress
Temperature
Trichlorfon
Trichlorfon - toxicity
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
Xenobiotics - toxicity
title Effects of trichlorfon on oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and cortisol levels in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., at different temperatures
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