Antiparasitic potential of ethanolic extracts of Carpesii Fructus against Miamiensis avidus in hirame natural embryo cell line and their effects on immune response- and biotransformation-related genes

• Published in: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology 2022-01, Vol.251, p.109214, Article 109214
• Main Authors: Woo, Soo Ji, Jeong, Min Gyeong, Jeon, Eun Ji, Do, Mi Young, Kim, Na Young
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antiparasitic Agents - pharmacology; Asteraceae - metabolism; Carpesii Fructus; Cell Line; Fish Diseases - drug therapy; Fish Diseases - parasitology; Flounder - parasitology; Gene expression; HINAE cells; Immunity - drug effects; Miamiensis avidus; Parasitic Diseases, Animal - drug therapy; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Scuticociliatosis
• ISSN: 1532-0456; 1878-1659
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109214

Scuticociliatosis, caused by Miamiensis avidus, is a severe parasitic disease affecting marine organisms, particularly Paralichthys olivaceus. The aim of this study was to assess the antiparasitic potential of ethanolic extracts of Carpesii Fructus (EECF), the dried fruit of Carpesium abrotanoides L., which is used in traditional Chinese medicine, in vitro. We found that 50%, 70%, and 100% EECF induced morphological changes in M. avidus, including reduced motility, cell shrinkage, and lysis. Nearly 100% cell lysis was observed in M. avidus after 2 h of treating with 100% EECF. After 24 h, the survival rates of M. avidus treated with 100%, 70%, and 50% EECF were 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. Additionally, the mRNA levels of immune response-related (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and CD8-α) and biotransformation-related (CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP3A4, and UGT2B19) genes increased with 70% and 100% EECF treatment and decreased with 50% EECF treatment following pretreatment with concanavalin A. The viability of hirame natural embryo (HINAE) cells was reduced by 50%, 70%, and 100% EECF (100 mg/L) and was between 67 and 80%. The IC50 values of 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100% EECF in HINAE cells were 102.3, 42.93, 39.15, and 38.39 mg/L, respectively. These results indicated that 50% EECF was less toxic to HINAE cells than 70% or 100% EECF, while still exhibiting antiparasitic activity against M. avidus. Therefore, we demonstrated the role of EECF as a natural antiparasitic agent against M. avidus. Our findings suggest that Carpesii Fructus has potential use as an antiparasitic agent in the aquaculture industry. [Display omitted] •Miamiensis avidus is a parasite which ingests tissues and organs of infected fish.•Ethanolic extracts of Carpesii Fructus (EECF) exhibit antiparasitic activity.•M. avidus treated with EECFs show reduced motility, cell shrinkage, and lysis.•Immune response and biotransformation genes were increased by EECF treatment.•The IC50 of 100% EECF in hirame natural embryo (HINAE) fish cells was 38.39 mg/L.