High dissolved oxygen exacerbates ammonia toxicity with sex-dependent manner in zebrafish

Ammonia nitrogen is one of the important environmental factors, and causes negative effects for fish health in ecosystem and aquaculture. The toxic effects and mechanisms of ammonia in fish deserve further investigation. In the present study, we exposed female and male zebrafish (Danio rerio) to amm...

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Published in:Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology 2023-04, Vol.266, p.109549, Article 109549
Main Authors: Sun, Sheng-Xiang, Hu, Chun-Ting, Qiao, Fang, Chen, Li-Qiao, Zhang, Mei-Ling, Du, Zhen-Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ammonia - metabolism
Ammonia - toxicity
Ammonia stress
Animals
Dissolved oxygen
Ecosystem
Environmental factors
Female
Gender difference
Gills - metabolism
Male
Oxygen - metabolism
Toxicity
Zebrafish
Zebrafish - metabolism
Zebrafish Proteins - metabolism
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Summary:Ammonia nitrogen is one of the important environmental factors, and causes negative effects for fish health in ecosystem and aquaculture. The toxic effects and mechanisms of ammonia in fish deserve further investigation. In the present study, we exposed female and male zebrafish (Danio rerio) to ammonia (50 mg/L NH4Cl) with oxygenated (7.5–7.8 mg/L) or non‑oxygenated (3.8–4.5 mg/L) water, to identify the combined effects of dissolved oxygen and ammonia on fish with gender difference. The results showed that oxygenated ammonia exposure increased fish mortality, gill secondary lamellas damage and gill tissue spaces, gene expressions of proinflammatory interleukin 1 beta (il-1β) and apoptotic caspase8 as compared with non‑oxygenated ammonia. Besides, oxygenated ammonia elevated plasma ammonia contents, and decreased the discharge of body ammonia through gills by depressing the enzyme activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. Notably, when zebrafish were subjected to ammonia stress, more severe mortality, gill damage and tissue inflammatory response were observed in males than females. This is the first study to clarify the gender-dependent impacts of ammonia toxicity, and the adverse effects of oxygenation on ammonia resistance in zebrafish. [Display omitted] •High dissolved oxygen increased ammonia-induced mortality in zebrafish.•High dissolved oxygen increased ammonia toxicity on zebrafish.•Ammonia caused more severe toxicity in male zebrafish than female.
ISSN:1532-0456
1878-1659
DOI:10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109549