Mechanisms of the relaxations in (In + Nb) co-doped TiO2 ceramics

(In0·5Nb0.5)0.1Ti0·9O2 ceramic sample was prepared by sol-gel method. The dielectric properties of this sample were investigated in a temperature range of 5–320 K. Two thermally activated relaxations were found. The low-temperature relaxation (P0-relaxation) appearing around 50 K follows the Vogel-F...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ceramics international 2021-09, Vol.47 (18), p.26019-26024
Main Authors: Chen, Cheng, Xie, Yuanmiao, Chen, Pengfei, Wang, Chunchang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
(In + Nb) co-doped TiO2 ceramics
Dielectric properties
Thermally activated depolarization current
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Summary:(In0·5Nb0.5)0.1Ti0·9O2 ceramic sample was prepared by sol-gel method. The dielectric properties of this sample were investigated in a temperature range of 5–320 K. Two thermally activated relaxations were found. The low-temperature relaxation (P0-relaxation) appearing around 50 K follows the Vogel-Fulcher law and is ascribed to be a low-temperature Maxwell-Wagner relaxation caused by frozen electrons. The intermediate-temperature relaxation (P1-relaxation) occurring around 150 K obeys the Arrhenius law. Thermally activated depolarization current (TSDC) investigations reveal that it contains two relaxation processes (P1’ and P1 peaks). This relaxation was argued to be a polaronic relaxation caused by electrons hopping between Ti3+ and Ti4+ ions. TSDC also reveals a high-temperature relaxation (P2 peak) near room temperature, which is related to humidity sensing property.
ISSN:0272-8842
1873-3956
DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.06.007