Petrogenesis and tectonic significance of the Early Devonian lamprophyres and diorites in the Alxa Block, NW China

• Published in: Chemie der Erde 2021-04, Vol.81 (1), p.125685, Article 125685
• Main Authors: Zeng, Renyu, Lai, Jianqing, Mao, Xiancheng, Xiao, Wenzhou, Yan, Jie, Zhang, Chenguang, Hu, Jianxiong, Ai, Qixing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alxa block; Lamprophyres and diorites; North Qilian orogenic belt; Petrogenesis; Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes
• ISSN: 0009-2819; 1611-5864
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125685

•New geochronological and geochemical data for Devonian lamprophyres and diorites.•The lithosphere mantle of Longshoushan area was metasomatism by the fluids released from the subducting slab of North Qilian.•The 403–374 Ma magmatism reflect the unrooting and collapse of the North Qilian orogen under the effects of convective erosion. The North Qilian orogenic belt (NQOB) has been defined as a subduction-collision zone between the Alxa Block and the Qilian Block during the Early Paleozoic. To constrain the post-collisional tectonic evolution of the NQOB, analyses of zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes, whole-rock major, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions of the newly discovered Early Devonian lamprophyres and diorites dikes from the Longshoushan area in southwestern margin of the Alxa Block were conducted. Zircon U-Pb dating yields emplacement ages of 400 ± 4 Ma and 403 ± 6 Ma for two lamprophyre dikes and 391 ± 3 Ma for two diorite dikes. The lamprophyres dikes are shoshonitic-high-K (calc-alkaline) in nature, and are characterized by SiO2 contents of 53.6–56.3 wt %, (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7064 to 0.7072, εNd(t) values of 0.1–1.0, and zircon εHf(t) values of −8.0 to −2.9. The diorite dikes are high-K (calc-alkaline), and are characterized by MgO contents of 6.32–6.98 wt %, (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7089–0.7137, εNd(t) values of −3.8 to −3.5, and zircon εHf(t) values of −9.9–0.4. Both the lamprophyre and diorite dikes show parallel enrichments in LREEs and LILEs and depletions in HREEs and HFSEs and have similar ratios of (206Pb/204Pb)i (17.587–18.133), (207Pb/204Pb)i (15.518–15.584) and (208Pb/204Pb)i (37.676–38.058). Geochemical and isotopic data suggest that the lamprophyre and diorite dikes were derived from low-degrees melts of amphibole- and phlogopite-bearing lherzolite and phlogopite-bearing lherzolite, respectively, in the spinel-garnet transition facies. Their parental magmas both experienced extensive fractional crystallization in a deep magma chamber and negligible crustal contamination during their ascent. Regarding the Palaeozoic tectonic development of the North Qilian orogenic belt, we propose that the Early Devonian lamprophyres and diorites possibly are related to North Qilian orogen unrooting and collapse and marking the end of the North Qilian orogenic events.