Recent advances in methods of extraction, pre-concentration, purification, identification, and quantification of kaempferol

• Published in: Journal of Chromatography A 2024-10, Vol.1735, p.465297, Article 465297
• Main Authors: Norouzi, Hooman, Dastan, Dara, Abdullah, Fuad O., Al-Qaaneh, Ayman M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Extraction method; Identification; Kaempferol; Pre-concentration; Purification; Quantitative measurement
• ISSN: 0021-9673
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465297

•UAE is the most advanced method used today for the extraction of kaempferol.•The best extraction yield for kaempferol was achieved (under reflux).•HPLC remains immeasurably the most robust approach for quantification.•Kaempferol is primarily sourced from the Asteraceae and Fabaceae families.•Among plant flavonoids, kaempferol is a potent health benefits. As a naturally widely-occurring dietary, cosmetic, and therapeutic flavonoid, kaempferol has gained much consideration for its nutritional and pharmaceutical properties in recent years. Although there have been performed a high number of studies associated with different aspects of kaempferol's analytical investigations, the lack of a comprehensive summary of the various methods and other plant sources that have been reported for this compound is being felt, especially for many biological applications. This study, aimed to provide a detailed compilation consisting of sources (plant species) and analytical information that was precisely related to the natural flavonoid (kaempferol). There is a trend in analytical research that supports the application of modern eco-friendly instruments and methods. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is the most general advanced method used widely today for the extraction of kaempferol. During recent years, there is an increasing tendency towards the identification of kaempferol by different methods.