Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Preliminary Results of Rectal Preservation After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy

• Published in: Cirugia española (English ed.) 2016-05, Vol.94 (5), p.274-279
• Main Authors: Vaccaro, Carlos Alberto, Yazyi, Federico Julio, Ojra Quintana, Guillermo, Santino, Juan Pablo, Sardi, Mabel Edith, Beder, Damián, Tognelli, Joaquin, Bonadeo, Fernando, Lastiri, José María, Rossi, Gustavo Leandro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Complete clinical response; Conservative treatment; Cáncer de recto; Local resection; Neoadjuvant; Neoadyuvancia; Rectal cancer; Resección local; Respuesta clínica completa; Surgery; Tratamiento conservador; Watch and wait
• ISSN: 2173-5077; 2173-5077
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2016.05.002

Abstract Introduction The standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer is total mesorectal excision. However, organ preservation has been proposed for tumours with good response to neoadjuvant treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oncologic results of this strategy. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study (2005–2014) including a consecutive series of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma with complete or almost complete clinical response after preoperative chemo-radiotherapy, that were treated according to a strategy of preservation of the rectum. Results A total of 204 patients with rectal cancer received neoadjuvant therapy. Thirty (14.7%) had a good response and were treated with rectal preservation (23 “Watch and wait” and 7 local resections). Median follow-up was 46 months (interquartile range: 30–68). In the group of “Watch & Wait”, 4 patients had local recurrence before 12 months (actuarial local recurrence rate=18.5%). All of them underwent salvage surgery (2 with radical surgery and 2 local resections) without any further recurrence. Disease-free survival actuarial rate at 3 years follow-up was 94.1% (95% CI 82.9–100). None of the 7 patients that were treated by local excision had local recurrence. The organ preservation rate for the whole group was 93%. Conclusion The strategy of organ preservation in locally advanced rectal cancer is feasible in cases with good response to neoadjuvant therapy. When implemented in a highly selected group of patients this strategy is associated with satisfactory oncologic results.