Palynofacies changes and their reflection on preservation of peat accumulation stages in the Late Permian coal measures of the Bowen Basin, Australia: A new system for coal palynofacies characterisation

• Published in: International journal of coal geology 2013-12, Vol.120, p.57-70
• Main Authors: Van de Wetering, Nikola, Mendonça Filho, João Graciano, Esterle, Joan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Coal; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; Lithotype; Palaeoenvironment; Paleobotany; Paleontology; Palynofacies; Palynology; Sedimentary rocks; Stratigraphy
• ISSN: 0166-5162; 1872-7840
• DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2013.09.004

A high-resolution study (n=66) was conducted on Late Permian coal measures of the Bowen Basin, Australia, to observe palynofacies changes during peat accumulation over time. Palynofacies were determined using polytopic vector analysis (PVA) to derive end members with variable compositions that reflected fine scale environmental changes, within and between seams, of the Kaloola Member. Palynofacies reflect a three-stage succession within the palaeo- peat-forming environments from stable, anoxic conditions at the base, progressing to variable, oxic conditions toward the top of each seam. In cases where a seam was capped by tuff, rather than siliciclastic sediment, anoxic conditions similar to the bottom of each seam occurred. The results corroborate previous interpretations of palaeofloral communities and provide a new palynofacies model that integrates environmental progression within the coal seams in the Late Permian coal measures of the Bowen Basin. A complementary study of palynological assemblages recognised a shift from Dulhuntyspora sp., to Protohaploxypinus sp. in the lower Kaloola Member, indicating a change in pollen/spore source. Associations between dispersed palynomorphs and coal phyterals of parent flora remain tenuous beyond class rank, due to poor preservation and taxonomic bias inherent within the sample space. This is the first such palynofacies study to be conducted in the Bowen–Sydney–Gunnedah basin complex, thus opening the way for future work examining regional changes in palynofacies, expressed in both coal and siliciclastic sediments. •Coal palynofacies (CPF) reflect three-stages of palaeo- peat accumulation.•Coals directly underlying tuff exhibit CPF associated with anoxic conditions.•Coals directly underlying sediment exhibit CPF associated with oxic conditions.•Palynological transition corresponds with overlying tuff and regional volcanism.