Spatial abilities in Down syndrome: Characterising the profile of spatial skills and models of spatial development

• Published in: Cognitive development 2023-04, Vol.66, p.101325, Article 101325
• Main Authors: Morris, Su, Farran, Emily K., Gilligan-Lee, Katie A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Developmental Trajectory; Down syndrome; Spatial cognition; Spatial Profiles
• ISSN: 0885-2014; 1879-226X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2023.101325

Evidence shows that spatial interventions are successful in typical development. However, the potential of spatial interventions for Down syndrome (DS) populations is hindered by the lack of literature on spatial skills and their development in this group. This paper investigates (a) the profile of strengths and weaknesses in spatial abilities, and (b) the cross-sectional developmental trajectories of spatial skills, in DS relative to typical development. Participants included 33 individuals with DS (58% male; 10–35 years) and 131 typically developing (TD) children (53% male; 4–11 years) who completed spatial tasks assessing two spatial sub-domains. Despite weaknesses in spatial skill, the DS spatial profile aligned closely with that of mental-age matched TD children. Cross-sectional developmental trajectories revealed slower rates of spatial development for those with DS, relative to TD children. Collectively, these results indicate potential for improving spatial skills in DS through intervention. •We created a battery of suitable spatial tasks for use with people with Down syndrome.•We investigated spatial profiles and development in people with Down syndrome.•Across spatial tasks, people with Down syndrome performed broadly similarly to mental-age matched groups.•Spatial development shows qualitative differences in people with Down syndrome.•Spatial skills have potential as an intervention target in people with Down syndrome.