A new method for visualizing snow stability profiles

• Published in: Cold regions science and technology 2012-07, Vol.78, p.64-72
• Main Authors: Monti, Fabiano, Cagnati, Anselmo, Valt, Mauro, Schweizer, Jürg
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Avalanche forecasting; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; Snow cover simulation; Snow stability evaluation; Snow stratigraphy; Snow. Ice. Glaciers
• ISSN: 0165-232X; 1872-7441
• DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.02.005

Snow stability assessment by interpreting snow profiles is a time consuming and fairly subjective process, especially when snow stratigraphy was recorded without performing a stability test at the same time. Snow stratigraphy is clearly related to snow stability, as had been shown by various studies that linked specific snowpack properties such as grain size and type to instability. We suggest a new method to visualize snow stratigraphy in regard to stability based on six structural variables (also known as the threshold sum approach). Each snow layer is represented by the number of variables that are not in the corresponding critical range. This approach has not only been implemented for manually recorded snow profiles but also – after adapting the threshold values – for simulated snow stratigraphy provided by the numerical snow cover model SNOWPACK. The new visualization method, applied both to the manually observed and simulated profiles, was tested by analyzing the most critical avalanche situations of the winter 2008–2009 in the Dolomites (north-eastern Italian Alps). Results indicate that the new visualization method is well suited to quickly and intuitively derive snow stability, in particular from simulated snow stratigraphy. Stability information derived from simulated profiles was clearly related to the independently estimated degree of avalanche danger. Supplementing the snow cover model SNOWPACK with the adjusted threshold sum approach increases its usefulness for avalanche forecasting purposes. ► We developed a new method to visualize snow stability. ► The method was applied both to manual observations and to the snow model SNOWPACK. ► The visualization allows a quick and intuitive interpretation of snow stability. ► SNOWPACK in combination with this method becomes more useful to forecasters.