Strengthening effect of phosphate sludge by-product and styrene-butadiene rubber on the properties of high-density polyethylene composites

[Display omitted] •Phosphate sludge (PS) is newly identified as rigid mineral reinforcement.•Addition of PS into thermoplastic polymer highly increase the composites rigidity.•Addition of SBR rubber into PS reinforced thermoplastic polymer restore the ductility.•An optimal SBR and PS ratio resulted...

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Published in:Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing Applied science and manufacturing, 2023-03, Vol.166, p.107378, Article 107378
Main Authors: Ez-Zahraoui, Siham, Semlali Aouragh Hassani, Fatima-Zahra, Bouhfid, Rachid, Qaiss, Abou El Kacem, El Achaby, Mounir
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Mechanical properties
Phosphate sludge
Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)
Thermoplastic composites
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Phosphate sludge (PS) is newly identified as rigid mineral reinforcement.•Addition of PS into thermoplastic polymer highly increase the composites rigidity.•Addition of SBR rubber into PS reinforced thermoplastic polymer restore the ductility.•An optimal SBR and PS ratio resulted in material with balanced rigidity/toughness. In this study, phosphate sludge (PS) by-product was newly identified as a particulate reinforcement for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. Furthermore, to offer a suitable stiffness/ductility balance, the influence of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) addition was investigated. Firstly, PS particles (less than63 µm) were analyzed in terms of their physico-chemical properties. Thereafter, HDPE composites filled with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% of PS or 70 %PS/30 %SBR or 50 %PS/50 %SBR were successfully manufactured using the extrusion and injection molding processes. The moderate HDPE/PS interfacial adhesion was found to highly increase the composites rigidity at the expense of their ductility. However, the inclusion of an appropriate amount of SBR favors a well encapsulation of PS rigid particles and thus an improved interfacial adhesion, resulting in an increase in both strength and ductility of the composites. Overall, the developed new composites offer a promising future in industrial applications, where good stiffness/ductility balance are required.
ISSN:1359-835X
1878-5840
DOI:10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107378