The Bicuspid Aortic Valve

The bicuspid aortic valve affects 1 to 2% of the population and may be complicated by aortic stenosis or aortic insufficiency and infective endocarditis. The bicuspid aortic valve is associated with abnormalities of the aortic wall such as coarctation of the aorta, aortic dissection, and aortic aneu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current problems in cardiology 2005-09, Vol.30 (9), p.470-522
Main Authors: Braverman, Alan C., Güven, Hasan, Beardslee, Michael A., Makan, Majesh, Kates, Andrew M., Moon, Marc R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aortic Valve - anatomy & histology
Aortic Valve - pathology
Aortic Valve - physiopathology
Heart Defects, Congenital - diagnosis
Heart Defects, Congenital - epidemiology
Heart Defects, Congenital - etiology
Heart Defects, Congenital - surgery
Heart Valve Diseases - diagnosis
Heart Valve Diseases - epidemiology
Heart Valve Diseases - etiology
Heart Valve Diseases - surgery
Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation
Humans
Mitral Valve - anatomy & histology
Mitral Valve - pathology
Mitral Valve - physiopathology
Postoperative Complications - epidemiology
Postoperative Complications - etiology
Prevalence
United States - epidemiology
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Summary:The bicuspid aortic valve affects 1 to 2% of the population and may be complicated by aortic stenosis or aortic insufficiency and infective endocarditis. The bicuspid aortic valve is associated with abnormalities of the aortic wall such as coarctation of the aorta, aortic dissection, and aortic aneurysm. Most patients with a bicuspid aortic valve will develop some complication during life. Individuals with a bicuspid valve may be unaware of its presence and are at risk for unsuspected complications. Aortic wall abnormalities associated with bicuspid aortic valve are due to cystic medial necrosis. This process is associated with increased metalloproteinase activity and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. The clinical correlates of aortopathy in the bicuspid aortic valve include significant enlargement of the ascending aorta with aneurysm formation and dissection. This process continues after valve replacement. The person with bicuspid aortic valve requires continuous surveillance to treat associated lesions and prevent complications.
ISSN:0146-2806
1535-6280
DOI:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2005.06.002